燃气热水器软管长度:中式英语之鉴100句

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                                                中式英语之鉴100句

01. 有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办不成。
  [误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.
  [正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.注:“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”(comet)的俗称,因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。在中国古代,“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆,并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根:(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。英语的 comet 虽然没有这层含义,但却有一个对应的说法,即 jinx。 例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西,总给我找麻烦”。

02.萝卜青菜,各有所爱。
  [误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
  [正] Tastes differ.

注:Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语,除此以外,原句还可翻译成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是:One man's meat is another man's poison,表达的很生动。 总之,应采取意译。

03.他一向嘴硬,从不认错。
  [误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
  [正] He never says uncle.

注:say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。主要是男孩们打架时的用语,当一方想制服另一方时,就用命令的口气说:“Say uncle!”这时,有的孩子为了表示不服输,就是不说。后来,say uncle 就成了“服输”的代名词,而 not say uncle 就相当于“嘴硬”了。

04.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。
  [误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
  [正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.

注:中国人喜欢说“嘴甜”,但 honey-lipped 更符合英美人的语言习惯。

05.同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁。
  [误] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.
  [正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.

注:以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要葡匐到在,亲吻他们的靴子。后来,人们将 lick the boots 引申为“为了某种目的而讨好某人”,它与汉语的“拍马屁”含义一样。在美国英语中,“拍马屁”还有另一种说法,即 polish the apple,它典出以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师。

06.你听说了吗?迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。
  [误] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.
  [正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend.

注:break up with sb. 虽然表示“与某人分手了”,但并没说明是谁先提出来的。而 dump 的原意指“倾倒垃圾”,用在这里则表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉。

07.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。
  [误] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.
  [正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country.

注:形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用,但使用的先后次序却有所不同。在英语中我们一般遵循“靠近原则”,即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的名词,当从这一点看不出区别时,就靠词的长短来决定,短的在前,长的在后。原文中最能说明“国家”本质的定语是“社会主义的”,所以 socialist 要最靠近它所修饰的中心词。

08.人都是这山望着那山高,对自己的现状没有满意的时候。
  [误] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he's standing on. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.
  [正] Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.

注:“这山望着那山高”是指人不满足于现状的心理,它在英语中已经有了现成的说法,即 the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更绿),因此我们借用即可,这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通。

09.中华人民共和国主席
  [误] Chairman of the People's Republic of China
  [正] President of the People's Republic of China

注:以前,我们一直将“主席”翻译为 chairman,例如:great leader Chairman Mao(伟大领袖毛主席)。其实“主席”与 chairman 并不等义,chairman 在英语中通常指会议或某一具体组织的负责人,它的权力和重要性不及中文的“主席”。这就是为什么1983年,在我国《宪法》的英译单行本中开始使用 President一词,并沿用至今。另外,国内仍有不少词典把“班/级长(学校的)”译为“class monitor”,这是“四人帮”时代的产物,那时的“班长”是专司监管学生的,所以译作“monitor”。而“班长”的正确译文应该是“class president”。

10.转战南北
  [误] fight south and north
  [正] fight north and south注:在地理方位的表达习惯上,中英文有一定的区别。中国人习惯于先“东西”后“南北”,而且在涉及“南北”时,习惯于先说“南”,再说“北”,如:“南征北战”、“南来北往”等。而英美人与此正好相反,如“江苏在中国的东南部”英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而“新疆在中国的西北部”应译为 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China。

11.这个教授教得很烂。
  [误] The professor teaches badly.
  [正] The professor is so terrible.

注:有人认为第二句的意思是“这个教授很可怕”,其实不然。英语中 terible 意思很灵活,例如:feel terrible 指身体“不舒服”; The food is terrible 则是说食物“难吃极了”。而第一句纯属中文式的表达。

12.北京申奥成功的消息令我们热血沸腾。
  [误] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes our blood boil.
  [正] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes us excited.

注:make one's blood boil 是指“激怒某人”,而非“使人激动”。英语中“使人激动”的说法除了 make one excited,还有较为口语化的 make one's spine tingle。

13.别听他们胡说八道,根本就没那回事。
  [误] Don't listen to their babbling. Nothing of the sort.
  [正] Don't be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort.

注:原文中的“听”不能用 listen to 来表示,因为 listen to 指“听”的动作,而原文中的“别听”不是不让他“听”,而是劝告他“不要听信”,因此,用 not be fooled by 才更达意。

14.我们这儿的人都觉得他有婚外恋。
  [误] Pepple around here all feel that he has affairs outside his own marriage.
  [正] Pepple around here all feel that he is leading a double life.

注:affair 本身就指“私通”或“暧昧关系”,当然是“婚外”的事,所以 outside one's own marriage 无疑是多此一举了。英语中“有婚外恋”的地道说法应该是 lead a double life。

15.别看别人不把她当回事,在家里她可是父亲的掌上明珠。
  [误] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the pearl on her father's hand at home.
  [正] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the apple of her father's eye at home.

注:中英文常用不同的喻体表明相同的喻义,“掌上明珠”与 the apple of one's eye 就是一个很好的例子。这种情况我们一般应尊重各国文化和习俗,翻译时取目的语的固定说法,而不必直译,这有助于将意思更有效地传达给读者。the apple of one's eye 源自圣经《旧约》,当时人们用 apple 指人的瞳孔。尽管瞳孔现在已经用 pupil 来表示,不再是 apple 了,但这一用法却延续了下来。

16.都十点钟了。起床了,懒虫!

[误] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy worm!
  [正] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy bones!

注:“懒虫”并非真是一条虫,只不过被用来形容人很懒惰罢了。英语里与之对应的说法是 lazy bones(懒骨头)。注意,这里的 bone 应以复数形式出现,也许是因为不会只有一根骨头懒吧!

17.我唯一的资本就是勤奋。

[误] My only capital is diligence.
  [正] My only means to success is diligence.

注:原文的“资本”是借喻,实际指“可以依靠并取得成功的手段”。而英语的 capital 指 money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business,并没有中文那样的引申意思。所以,这里的“资本”不能与 capital 画等号。也有人用 advantage 来翻译“资本”,虽然不尽意,但至少可以让读者理解。

18.这家商店开辟了休息处,受到顾客的称赞。

[误] This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers' appreciation.
  [正] This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers' appreciation.

注:英语的 resting-place 虽然有“休息处”的意思,但更经常的是用来指“坟墓”,即“最后安息之处”。因此,把公共场所的“休息处”译为 resting-place 不很合适。也有人将它译为 rest-room,但那更不妥当,因为英语中的 rest-room 是“厕所”的委婉说法,而“休息处”不是这个意思。

19.大家都怀疑汤姆是个间谍。

[误] Everyone doubts that Tom is a spy.
  [正] Everyone suspects that Tom is a spy.

注:doubt 作“怀疑”讲,是“不相信”的意思;而 suspect 作“怀疑”讲,是指“对...有所察觉”。第一句译文犯了两个错误:首先,doubt 不能接 that 从句,只有not doubt that 和 doubt if/whether;其次,它所表达的意思是“大家对汤姆是间谍这件事表示怀疑”,即“大家不相信汤姆是间谍”,与原文的意思恰好相反。

20. 我们俩关系最好,他经常来我这儿蹲饭吃。

[误] We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.
  [正] We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me.

注:第一句只表明“他常到我这儿来白吃白喝”,但朋友这间那种亲密关系没有体现出来。而 bum sth. off sb. 指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小东西,而朋友也不会介意还不还。

21.最近的人口统计显示中国人口已超过12亿。

[误] The latest census shows that China's population has surpassed 1.2 billion.
  [正] The latest census shows that China's population exceeds 1.2 billion.

注:surpass 和 exceed 译成中文虽然都是“超过,胜过”的意思,但出现具体数字时要用后者。

22. 我希望你不要拖我的后腿。

[误] I hope that you won't pull my leg.
  [正] I hope that you won't hold me back.

注:pull one's leg 是“愚弄某人,开某人的玩笑”的意思,相当于 make fun of sb.。英语中与“拖后腿”相对应的表达是 hold sb. back 或 be a drag on sb. 等。

23. 学校里,那些长得人高马大的家伙常来找我的麻烦。

[误] At school, those big and strong guys always come to find my trouble.
  [正] At school, those big and strong guys always come to pick on me.

注:find my trouble 是“发现我的难处”的意思,而英语中“找某人的麻烦”用短语 pick on sb. 它不仅表示“挑剔某人、找某人的碴”,而且还包含 tease(取笑、戏弄)或 bully(威胁、欺侮)的意思。

24. 原来如此。一经你解释我就明白了。

[误] So it is. I understand soon after your explanation.
  [正] So that's how it is. I understand soon after your explanation.

注:So it is 的意思是“的确如此”,它是用来表示对对方观点的赞同的。例如:

A: It is a fine day today!
  B: So it is.

而在表达恍然大悟时,英文要用 So that's how it is 或 So that explains it, 或更简单地道的说法 Oh, I see.

25. 我没料到这个无耻的女人居然同她好友的丈夫调情。

[误] I had not expected that this shameful woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.
  [正] I had not expected that this shameless woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.

注:shameful 通常指某事物是“可耻的,丢脸的”,而 shameless 表示 having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent,它一般用来指人“不知羞耻的,不要脸的”或“伤风败俗的”。原文也可译为:It's shameful that the woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.

26. 我每天都要在网吧里呆上10个小时,是个不折不扣的网虫。

[误] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug.
  [正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter.

注:“网虫”要是直译成 net bug,很容易使人联想到计算机病毒,如:the millennium bug(“千年虫”病毒)。所以,英语中与之相应的说法是 netter/nettle。在《剑桥国际英语词典》里,对 netter/nettle 的解释是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead 和“网虫”的意思差不多,它表示“网痴,网迷”;而 netizen 则可以用来指所有的网民,尤其是互联网的用户,它是由 net(网络)和 citizen(公民)组合而成的。还有一个时髦的词是 netsurfer,即“网上冲浪者”。

27. 东施效颦。

[误] Doingshi imitates Xishi.
  [正] The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse.

注:把原文按照字面意思直译过来,恐怕只有中国人能够理解。要想让外国人明白这个中国成语,就要对译文进行解释性加工了。同样,“情人眼里出西施”不是 Xishi is in the eye of the beholder,而是 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder。

28. 你不好好学习,还想去牛津上大学。这可真是个不切实际的幻想哟!

[误] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impractical illusion!
  [正] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an illusion!

注:汉语中的修饰语往往用的很多,目的在于加强语气,但这种表达习惯在翻译时必须进行处理。illusion 本身就有 impractical 的含义,而英语中在表意已经很明确的情况下是无需重复的。

29. 想让他答应这样的要求恐怕不大可能。

[误] I'm afraid it is impossible for him to agree to such a request.
  [正] I'm afreaid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request.

注:impossible 表示“完全不可能”,所以与原文有出入。在英语中,probable 表示的可能性最大,其次是 possible,再次是 likely。而常用的句式为 it is probable/possible/likely for sb. to do sth.,或 sb. be likely to do sth.。

30. 一群蚂蚁

[误] a group of ants
  [正] a colony of ants

注:表示群体时,group 通常指人或物,而 colony 才指生物群体。

31. 她和男朋友吵了一架,冒着大雨跑了出去。

[误] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the big rain.
  [正] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the heavy rain.

注: 汉语中的“大”可以修饰很多名词,如“大风”、“大浪”、“湿气大”等,但在英语里却不能一一对应。例如,“大雨”就不能译成 big rain,因为那会被人误以为是雨点大,而不是雨大。英美人形容雨大习惯用“重”(heavy),heary rain(大雨),heavy clouds(云雾大),heavy moisture(潮气大)等,这也许是因为他们认为有些事物用重量来衡量比用体积更好吧。

32. 我每天都要在网吧里呆上10个小时,是个不折不扣的网虫。

[误] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug.
  [正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter.

注:“网虫”要是直译成 net bug,很容易使人联想到计算机病毒,如:the millennium bug(“千年虫”病毒)。所以,英语中与之相应的说法是 netter/nettle。在《剑桥国际英语词典》里,对 netter/nettle 的解释是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead 和“网虫”的意思差不多,它表示“网痴,网迷”;而 netizen 则可以用来指所有的网民,尤其是互联网的用户,它是由 net(网络)和 citizen(公民)组合而成的。还有一个时髦的词是 netsurfer,即“网上冲浪者”。

33. 每次考试来临的时候,约翰就变成了一只夜猫子,但这并不是一个好的学习方法。

[误] John becomes a night cat every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.
  [正] John becomes a night owl every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.

注:owl 是“猫头鹰”的意思,即一种深夜不睡,睁一只眼,闭一只眼,准备随时捕捉田鼠的动物。英语中用 night owl 来比喻经常熬夜的人,就像我们习惯用“夜猫子”一样。不论叫你“夜猫子”还是 a night owl,“开夜车”(burn the midnight oil)总是免不了的。
          34. 现如今,由于出国深造的人越来越多,“海龟(归)派”也不像原来那样吃香了。

[误] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the overseas students are not so popular as before.
  [正] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the returnees are not so popular as before.

注:“海龟(归)派”是指那些在国外留学以后又回来的人,是个非常形象的新名词。但 overseas student 是指正在国外学习的“留学生”,意思正好相反,所以要换成 returnee。这个词本身就包含在海外学习过的意思。

35. 在皎洁的月光下,那个花花公子在我耳边悄悄说着情话。

[误] The playboy whispered love words to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.
  [正] The playboy whispered sweet nothings to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.

注: 因为“情书”是 love letter,“情歌”是 love song,所以不少人以为“情话”就应该是 love words,其实并非如此。英语中“情话”常用 lovers'prattle 或 sweet nothings 来表达。prattle 有“孩子话,废话”的意思,所以 lovers' prattle 指“恋人之间孩子气的废话”;sweet nothings 更是一目了然,有“甜蜜而不中用”的意思。

36. 比尔.盖茨平均每天工作15个小时,他简直就是一个工作狂。

[误] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is crazy about his work.
  [正] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is a workaholic.

注: crazy 虽然可以作“疯狂的,狂热的”讲,但 be crazy about/on sth. 的意思却是“热衷于...,对...着迷”;be crazy for 也不行,因为它表示“渴望(某物);迷恋(某人)”。可见,它们都与“工作狂”有一定区别。而 workaholic 是从 alcoholic(嗜酒成癖者)派生出来的,表示像酗酒者离不开酒精一样地离不开工作。现在人们将 -holic 作为一个后缀,表示“对...上瘾,嗜好...成癖”,并构成了许多新词。例如:movie-holic(嗜好电影成癖的人),telehokic(看电视成癖的人)等。

37. 给这们女士来杯威士忌,记在我的账上。

[误] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my bill.
  [正] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my tab.

注: 我们可以说 Could we have the bill, please? (请给我们账单好吗?)或 pay the bill(埋单),但“记在某某的账上”却不用 bill,而要用 put...on one's tab 表示。tab 是“小纸片”的意思,因为过去小店的生意都是靠住在附近的老主顾,赊账时有发生,于是老板们通常把每个人的赊账情况记在各自的小纸片上,也就是 put...on one's tab,以防遗忘。渐渐地,该词组就成了一种习惯用法。

38. 哈罗得挥金如土,没有一点积蓄。

[误] Harold spends money like dirt, and has no savings.
  [正] Harold spends money like water, and has no savings.

注: 英国是一个岛国,离不开水;而我们中国的许多地区深处内陆,人们的生活离不开土地。所以,英语中有许多习语与“水”有关,而汉语却常常拿“土”作比。这就是为什么同样是比喻花钱浪费,大手大脚,英语是 spend money like water,而汉语却是“挥金如土”。此外,英语中还有很多有关船和水的习语,例如:rest on one's oars(暂时歇一歇),keep one's head above water(奋力图存),be all at sea(不知所措)等等。

39. 这只表的价钱很贵。

[误] The price of the watch is dear.
  [正] The watch is dear. /The price of the watch is high.

注: 以物品为主语时用 dear 或 cheap,以定价为主语时就说 high 或 low.

40. 昨天晚上我们玩得很愉快。

[误] We played very pleasantly last night.
  [正] We enjoyed ourselves very much last night./ We had a good time last night.

注: 玩牌,打球,演戏之类就用 play,汉语这儿说的玩是指度过一个愉快的时候,最好译成 enjoy oneself 或 have a good time.

41. 嘿,小伙子,千万别灰心。

[误] Hey, lad, don't lose your heart.
  [正] Hey, lad, don't lose heart.

注: lose one's heart (to sb.) 是“心被...俘虏去,爱上...”的意思,而 lose heart 才表示“灰心丧气,丧失勇气或信心”。

42. 歌迷们冲进演员休息室,抢着同凯莉.米纳合影。

[误] The fans rushed into the rest room trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.
  [正] The fans rushed into the greenroom trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.

注: 伦敦西区的特鲁街剧院是英国最古老的剧院,据说为了让演员们长时间处于舞台强烈灯光照射下的眼睛得到休息,那里的演员休息室被漆成了绿色。后来,greenroom 就逐渐成了“(剧场)演员休息室”的代名词。而 rest room 可不是这个意义上的“休息室”,它其实是“厕所”的一种委婉说法。

43. 我感到很痛。

[误] I am painful.
  [正] I feel great pain.

注:“我感到高兴”是 I am happy,“我感到累了”是 I'm tired,但“我感到很痛”却不是 I am painful。因为 painful 表示“使人痛苦的,让人疼痛或讨厌的”,它的主语往往不是人,而是事物或人体的某个部位,如:The foot is painful(脚痛),The lessons are painful(教训是惨痛的)等。所以没有 I am painful 这个说法,如果你非要这样说,别人会以为你全身带电或浑身长刺,别人碰了你就会疼,是你让别人痛苦,而不是你自己痛苦。

44. 亚洲四小龙。

[误] the Four Little Dragons of Asia
  [正] the Four Little Tigers of Asia

注: 在我国古代传说中,龙是降雨和惩治妖魔鬼怪的神奇动物,是吉祥和力挽狂澜的象征。很多汉语成语与“龙”有关,如“龙飞凤舞”、“龙凤呈祥”、“藏龙卧虎”等,而且多为褒义词。但如果把“四小龙”直译成英文却不行,因为西方人对“龙”的联想和看法与中国人完全不同。“龙”(dragon)在西方是贬义词,是邪恶的免征,西方人不会理解为什么要把亚洲经济的四个强国说成“四个小魔鬼”,所以要用 tiger 进行替换。在西方人眼里,tiger “是朝气蓬勃、坚忍不拔、努力奋斗、充满希望”的免征,所以用 tiger 才能准确表达原文的意思。

45. 百里挑一。

[误] one in a hundred
  [正] one in a thousand

注: “百里挑一”常被用来形容“很特别,很出众”或“与众不同”,one in a thousand 也有相同的含义。但值得注意的是,汉语用“百”,而英语则以十倍于百的 thousand 来夸张。同样,汉语的“十分感谢”或“万分感谢”,英语则说 a thousand thanks(千分感谢)或 thanks a million times(百万次的感谢)。可见,英语比汉语要夸张。这也许反映了两个民族不同的思维方式:中国人崇尚中庸之道,凡事避免走极端,即使夸大其词也不太过火;而英美人追求标新立异和充分考虑表现自我,这在语言中自然也有体现。

46. 周末许多人睡得很晚。

[误] Many people sleep late at weekends.
  [正] Many people go to bed very late at weekends.

注: 第一句译文错在没弄懂 sleep 的真正含义。英语动词有短暂动词和持续动词之分,它们分别表示短暂动作和持续的动作或状态。sleep 是典型的持续动词,表示“在睡觉”。而汉语的“睡”既可表示“上床睡觉”的短暂动作,如:我昨天11点才睡;也可以表示“在睡觉”的持续动作和状态,如:他睡了整整10个小时。原文属于前一种情况,即表示“上床睡觉”的短暂动作,故应该使用 go to bed。

47. 干杯!要一饮而尽。

[误] ---Cheers! Bottom up.
  [正] ---Cheers! Bottoms up.

注: bottoms up 虽然只比 bottom up 多一个 s,但是两个词组的意思却相差十万八千里。bottoms up 里的 bottom 是指“(酒杯的)底部”,那么杯朝天就是“一饮而尽”的意思,而且因为干杯时肯定不止一人一饮而尽,所以要用复数;而 bottom up 表示“屁股朝天”。

48. 这个任务很危险,但总得有人去冒险。

[误] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to take the adventure.
  [正] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to bell the cat.

注: adventure 指军事历险、探险旅行等惊险活动或投机活动。而 bell the cat 源自一个故事:一窝老鼠想在猫脖子上套一个铃铛,这样猫一来他们就会听到,并及时逃命。但主意虽好,却苦于没人去套这个铃铛(bell the cat)。后来,bell the cat 被人们反复引用,表示“为大家的事去承担风险”,并成了表示原文意思最贴切的英语习语。

49. 一辆白色轿车前来接新郎新娘去教堂。

[误] A white car turned up to take the groom and the bride to the church.
  [正] A white car turned up to take the bride and the groom to the church.

注: 汉英两种语言均有各自固定的词序,因此,在翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯进行适当的调整,此处就是一个很好的例子。之所以将新娘放在前面,也许是西方文化中“女士优先”的又一体现吧!又如:“衣食住行”译成英语是 food, clothing, shelter and transportation; 同样,“左顾右盼”翻译成 look right and left。

50. 你去弄些水来。

[误] Go and bring some water.
  [正] Go and fetch some water.

注: bring 虽然表示“带来”,但它是让某人在来的时候将某物带来(但说话时人还没来);而 fetch 则是让身边的某人“去取某物”,它包括往返的两段路程。

51. 那本书毫无价值可言。

[误] That book is invaluable.
  [正] That book is valueless.

注:invaluable 和 valueless 一个是在形容词 valuable(有价值的)之前加上否定形容词前缀 in-;另一个是在名词 value(价值)的后面加上否定形容词 -less,但它们的意思却刚好相反。invaluable 是指“非常贵重的,无价的”(highly valuable, precious),其同义词是 priceless;valueless 的意思却是“毫无价值的”,相当于 worthless。现将这两个词用在同一个句子中,以便区别:The book that he considered valueless proved invaluable to us(他认为毫无价值的那本书对我们来说却是无价之宝)。

52. IBM公司一直处在电脑行业的前沿。

[误] IBM is always in the front line of computer industry.
  [正] IBM is always at the cuttting edge of computer insustry.

注: front line 是“前线,第一线”的意思,常指最危险或最艰苦的地方。例如:Many doctors are in the front line of the fighting against SARS(许多医生战斗在抗击“非典”的第一线)。at the cutting edge 最早出现在20世纪50年代,它最初指“锐器的锋利部位”,现在常隐喻“处在(高科技的)最前沿。

53. 一位有经验的教师曾经说,上课之前他觉得如临大敌,上课时他是如履薄冰,只有上完课后他才会如释重负。

[误] An experienced teacher once said that before class he felt as if faced with a formidable enemy, in class he felt like walking on ice, and only after class would he feel relieved.
  [正] An experienced teacher once said that before class he felt as if faced with a formidable enemy, in class he felt like walking on eggs, and only after class would he feel relieved.

注: 中文的“如履薄冰”是比喻一个人“做事十分小心谨慎或战战兢兢”,而英语的类似说法却是 walk on eggs 或 tread on eggs,要注意中英文喻体的不同。

54. 我有一个舒适的家。

[误] I have a cozy family.
  [正] I have a cozy home.

注: family 和 home 虽然翻译成汉语时都是“家”,但它们在英语中却不是同义词。family 主要指家庭成员;而 home 主要指居住地,即“住宅”。原文中用“舒适的”来修饰“家”,显然是指“舒适的房子”。如果原文是“我有一个和睦的家”,就应该翻译成 I have a harmonious family 了。

55. 每节课老是都会点名。

[误] The teacher will call our names in every period of class.
  [正] The teacher will call the roll in every period of class.

注: 英语的“点名”是 call the roll,而 call one's name(s)的意思是“谩骂某人”。rool 有“名册”的意思,又如:remove sb.'s name from the rool(把某人除名)。

56. 我的学习很忙。

[误] My study is very busy.
  [正] I am very busy with my study.

注:第一句译文完全套用汉语的结构和语序,却犯了英文的句法错误。因为在英语中,study(学习)是一个行为,并不懂得忙不忙,感到忙的应是进行这一行为的人。所以,be busy with sth. 或 be busy (in) doing sth. 才是地道的英语表达。

57. 给他当二把手我看也值得。他太能干了。

[误] I feel it worth being a second hand to him. He is so capable.
  [正] I feel it worth playing second fiddle to him. He is so capable.

注:英语的 second hand 作名词指“中间人”、“旧货”或“助手工人”,而汉语的“二把手”是“副手”,即“第二负责人”的意思,所以二者不是一回事。play second fiddle 则源于管弦乐队中第一提琴手(first violin)不在的时候由第二提琴手负责,并被人们引申为“当主要领导人的副手”,也就是我们所说的“当第二把手”。由此,不难猜出“当一把手”译成英语应该是 paly first fiddle了。

58. 电车上十分拥挤,几乎没有立足之地。

[误] The tram was so crowded that there was hardly sufficient room for you.
  [正] The tram was so crowded that there was scarcely sufficient room for you.

注:副词 hardly 和 scarcely 虽然都含有“几乎不”等否定含义,有些时候也可以互换,如:I could hardly/scarcely recognize her(我几乎认不出她来了),但仍有细微的差异。如在强调数量“不足”时只能用 scarcely,这时它常与 enough、sufficient等词连用。

59. 他被戴上了绿帽子。

[误] He is made to wear a green hat.
  [正] He is a cuckold.

注:中文的“戴绿帽子”是指某人之妻与他人私通,但直译成英文西方人只会按字面意思理解为“某人头上被戴了顶绿色的帽子”,无论如何也不会理解汉语的喻义。而英语的 cuckold 是指“奸妇的丈夫”(a man whose wife deceives him by having a sexual relationship with another man),所以用 be a cuckold 才能正确表达原文的意思。

60. 我在新闻片里看到你站在总裁的身旁。

[误] I saw you stand by the president in the newsreel.
  [正] I saw you stand beside the president in the newsreel.

注:stand by someone 的意思是“支持某人”(to support someone);to stand beside someone 才是“立于某人旁边”(to stand by the side of someone)。但是,如果 stand by 后面的宾语不是人,那倒是可以与 stand beside 互换,表示“在...之旁”,例如:Their house stands by a forest(他们的房子在森林旁边)。除此之外,stand by 还有“袖手旁观”之意,例如:How can you stand by and watch while your allies are attacked?(当你们的盟友受到攻击时,你们怎能袖手旁观呢?)

61. 车来了。您先请。

[误] Here comes the car. You go first, please.
  [正] Here comes the car. After you.

注:第一句译文虽然把“请”翻译出来了,但还是带有命令的口吻。地道的说法应该是 After you。另外,不少人以为汉语的“请”等同于英语的 please,其实并非如此。例如,在餐桌上请人吃菜或喝酒就不用 please,地道的说法是 Help yourself。

62. 房间里有一张床、两张桌子和五把椅子。

[误] There are one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.
  [正] There is one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.

注:there be 句型中,be 动词的单复数取决于离它最近的那个词。原文虽然一共列举了八件家具,但是根据英语的谓语就近原则,one bed 决定了应该使用 is。

63. 我不想听他那些空话。

[误] I don't want to hear his empty words.
  [正] I don't want to hear his hollow words.

注:虽然 empty 和 hollow 都有“空洞的”之意,但表达“空话”时,英语习惯用 hollow words 或 empty talk。

64. 他是我们的死敌。

[误] He is our dead enemy.
  [正] He is our deadly enemy.

注:dead 作形容词时表示“死的,无感觉的”,而 deadly 才表示“致命的,不共戴天的”。

65. 奥斯本名义上是个医生,但他整天都呆在股票交易所里。

[误] Osborne is a doctor by name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.
  [正] Osborne is a doctor in name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.

注:by name 和 in name 虽然形似,但涵义却有区别。by name 相当于 by the name of,常放在专有名词之后,表示所说的人或事物的确实名称。例如:There was a great poet in China, Qu Yuan by name(中国有个伟大的诗人,名叫屈原)。而 in name 是贬义词,表示“名义上的”或“徒有虚名”。

66. 我们是不信上帝的。

[误] We do not believe God.
  [正] We do not believe in God.

注:believe 和 believe in 虽然都有“相信”的意思,但表示“信仰”的时候只能用后者。

           67. 你做这样的事难道不感到羞耻吗?

[误] Aren't you ashamed for doing such a thing?
  [正] Aren't you ashamed of doing such a thing?

注:be ashamed for 一般是指“对他人的行为或外在事物感到羞耻”,而 be ashamed of 则是“由于自己的所作所为而感到羞耻”。

68. 车祸发生在十字路口。

[误] The accident took place at a crossroad.
  [正] The accident took place at a crossroads.

注:crossroad 是“交叉路,横马路”的意思,而 crossroads 才是“十字路”或“十字路口”,它前面也可以用 a,但 -s 绝不能丢掉。

69. 要学好英语,大量的练习是必要的。

[误] To learn English well, a great deal of practice is necessary.
  [正] To learn English well, one needs to have a great deal of practice.

注:英语中非谓语动词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致,本例句中不定式 to learn English well 的逻辑主语应该是“人”,而句子的主语却是 practice,两者不相一致,违背了英语习惯,所以必须将句子的主语改为 one,并做其它相应的调整。

70. ---谢谢你带我们到办公室来。
    ---不用谢,这是我们应该做的。

[误] ---Thank you for guiding us to the office. ---Not at all, it's my duty.
  [正] ---Thank you for guiding us to the office. ---Not at all, it's a pleasure. /I'm glad to be of help.

注:汉语的回答实际上是句客套话,如果把它直译为 It's my duty,就会让西方人误以为你并不想帮他,只是因为职责才不得已而为之,这与汉语的愿意有很大出入。所以,恰当的回答应该是 I'm glad to be of help 或 It's a pleasure,其意思是“我很乐意为您效劳”。

71. 未经允许,任何人不得入内。

[误] Anybody can not come in without permission.
  [正] Nobody can come in without permission.

注:“任何......都不”是汉语中常用字的否定句式,而在英语中,any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时,谓语动词是不能用否定形式的。因此,any ... not 的用法不符合英语的表达习惯,须用“否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语”替换。但是,any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时,如果带有后置定语,那么其谓语也可以用否定形式。如:Anyone who does that isn't honest(干那种事的人都是不诚实的)。

72. 布衣蔬食。

[误] cotton clothes and vegetables
  [正] coarse clothes and simple fare

注:“布衣蔬食”是形容一个人生活俭朴,但直译成英文却会令人难以理解。因为现在的英、美等国,cotton clothes and vegetables(棉布衣服和青菜)已没有“生活俭朴”的任何联想了,它们早已成了富翁们的最爱,而且价格也比其他产品贵,没钱人还享用不起呢!而第二句译文不仅忠实于原文,而且 fare 一词作“食物”讲还略带古色,恰好反映出了原文的风格。

73. 你真是红光满面。

[误] Your face is all red.
  [正] You are in ruddy health.

注:“红光满面”是说一个人身体很好,而 You face is all red 则指对方满脸通红,似乎“不好意思”或“牌窘境”,皮肤过敏也未可知,总之与原句不符。a ruddy complexion 虽然有“面色红润”的意思,但没能充分表达出汉语“身体健康,精力充沛”的意思。当然,除了第二句译文,还可以用 You look so healthy and full of pep 或 You look the very picture of health and energy 来表达。

74. 你该吃晚饭了。

[误] It's time to eat your dinner.
  [正] It's time to have your dinner.

注:不是所有的“吃”字都能翻译为英语 eat 的,英语中有许多固定搭配,如:take one's medicines(吃药);lead an idle life(吃闲饭);be very popular(吃香);I hd some meat for lunch(午餐我吃了些肉)等。

75. 我们一起跟着音乐跳舞吧!

[误] Let's dance with the music.
  [正] Let's dance to the music.

注:英语一般说 dance with sb.,即“跟某人一起跳舞”,“音乐”是无生命的东西,怎么能跟它 dance 呢?这里正确的说法是用介词 to。又如:sing to the piano 等。

76. 他的病情好多了。

[误] His sick condition is much better.
  [正] His condition is much better.

注:在英美人看来,sick 只是一种无意义的重复,因为去掉它以后意思一亲清楚,而且还更地道。我们甚至可以更简单地翻译为 He is much better。

77. 经常给我写信。

[误] Write letters to me often.
  [正] Write to me often.

注:中文动宾结构的宾语在翻译成英文时常常省略,因为这些英语动词本身已经包含了中文宾语的意思,不言自明,除非需要强调,否则可以省略,不省略反而与英语习惯不符。上面的例句就是个很好的例子。又如:“你会唱歌吗”(Can you sing);“我会付钱给你”(I'll pay you);“他花很多时间读书”(He spends a lot of time reading)等。

78. 挑战者以0比4的比分输了与冠军队的那场比赛。

[误] The challengers lost the game by zero to four to the champion.
  [正] The challengers lost the game by nil to four to the champion.

注:zero 和 nil 虽然都可以表示“零”,但 zero 多用于电话号码或邮政编码,而 nil 则特指比赛的比分。同样,0比0就应该翻译成 nil to nil。

79. 在一次具有历史意义的表决中,北京羸得了申办奥运会的机会。

[误] In a historical vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
  [正] In a historic vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.

注:historic 表示“历史上著名的,有历史意义的”,而 historical 则表示“有关历史的,历史学的”。

80. 你读没读过菲尔丁的经典长篇小说《汤姆.琼斯》?

[误] Have you ever read Fielding's classical novel Tom Jones?
  [正] Have you ever read Fielding's classic novel Tom Jones?

注:classic 即可作形容词,表示“经典的,第一流的”,又可作可数名词,表示“经典作品”;而 classical 却是一个没有比较级和最高级的形容词,常指“(建筑,文学,音乐等方面)古典的,传统的”。

81. 由于街道的扩建,道路两旁矮小的房屋全部被拆除了。

[误] The short and small houses on both sides of the road have been demolished due to its widening.
  [正] The low and small houses on both sides of the road have been demolished due to its widening.

注:英语中,形容人或树等的高矮要用形容词 tall 和 short;但是指山峦、房屋或其它建筑物的高矮,我们通常用 high 和 low。

82. 听到这个消息,没有一个人不感到兴奋。

[误] Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.
  [正] Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.

注:汉语中把主、谓语同时否定以表示肯定,但这不符合英语习惯,所以 nobody...not 的结构在英语中是不正确的。翻译这类句子时,可像上面正确的译文那样,把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式;也可用“there be + 否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句”来表达,即:There was nobody who did not feel excited 或者 There was nobody but felt excited.

83. 我是一个中国人。

[误] I am a Chinese.
  [正] I am Chinese.

注:第一句译文是不地道的,正确的说法应该去掉不定冠词,或者说 I am a Chinese man。同样,He is an English 也没有 He is English 或 He is an Englishman 好。

84. 母狼为了保护幼崽同猎豹展开了殊死的搏斗。

[误] The female wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.
  [正] The she wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.

注:汉语一般用“公”、“母”或“雌”、“雄”来区分动物的性别,而英语中,有一部分动物是雌雄各有其名,例如:cock(公鸡)和 hen(母鸡),stag(雄鹿)和 doe(雌鹿)等;而另一部分则是用 male 和 female 加以区分,如:male leopard(公豹),female panda(母熊猫)等;当然,也有例外的情况,如:bull elephant(公象)和 cow elephant(母象),he wolf(公狼)和 she wolf(母狼)等。

85. 使我高兴的是,我儿子对意大利语也略知一二。

[误] To my joy, my son know a thing or two about Italian.
  [正] To my joy, my son knows something about Italian.

注:有些英语词语在字面上同汉语十分相似,但实则貌合神离,如果不求甚解很容易出错。例如,know a thing or two 就不表示“略知一二”,而是“很有经验,精明强干”的意思。

86. 你希望什么时候成家呢?

[误] When do you want to start a family?
  [正] When do you want to get married?

注:中文的“成家”是“结婚”的意思,而英文 start a family 的含义却是“生第一个孩子”,二者完全不是一回事。

87. 宁做鸡头,不做凤尾。

[误] Better be the head of a cock than the tail of a phoenix.
  [正] Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.

注:每种语言中都有许多约定俗成的表达,没有什么道理好讲,但使用时则需遵照各自的语言习惯。中文是“鸡头”和“凤尾”比,而英语中却要用“狗头”和“狮尾”。

88. 海伦就像一只骄傲的公鸡,从来不爱搭理别人。

[误] Helen is proud as a cock, and she never talks to others.
  [正] Helen is proud as a peacock, and she never talks to others.

注:“孔雀”在中国人眼里是美丽和吉祥的象征,而公鸡因为常把头昂得高高地,尾巴翘到了天上,摆出一副盛气凌人的架子,因此成了“骄傲”的化身。但西方文化不注重孔雀美丽的一面,认为它们很骄傲,所以英美人在形容一个人骄傲、狂妄和爱慕虚荣时,就把他(她)比作 peacock。

89. 因为没有吃的,那个索马里的小男孩瘦得像猴子。

[误] That Somali boy is as thin as a monkey because of the lack of food.
  [正] That Somali boy is as thin as a shadow because of the lack of food.

注:同一事物,在不同的文化里可能引起不同的联想,具有不同的内涵。所以,在一种语言中用这种事物作比喻,而在另一种语言中很可能会有不同的表达。这样的例子中英文还有很多,例如:as timid as a hare(胆小如鼠),as strong as a horse(力大如牛),as poor as a church mouse(一贫如洗)等。

90. 索菲娅望子成龙心切,给儿子报名参加了许多补习班。

[误] Sophia hopes to see her son become a dragon, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.
  [正] Sophia hopes that her son will have a bright future, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.

注:“龙”在中国人心目中象征着神圣和万能,但在西方人的印象中却是可怕的,《圣经》里就把“龙”描述成了罪恶的象征。所以在翻译“望子成龙”时需要意译。

91. 正如中国的一句俗话:“笨鸟先飞”。

[误] As an old Chinese saying goes, "Stupid birds have to start flying early."
  [正] As an old Chinese saying goes,"Clumsy birds have to start flying early."

注:“笨鸟先飞”常用来比喻那些能力差的人,因为做事怕落后,所以就提前行动。这里的“笨”并非 stupid(智力低下的,愚蠢的)的意思,而用 clumsy(笨拙的,不灵巧的)更恰当。

92. 爸爸总爱发脾气。

[误] Dad always likes losing his temper.
  [正] Dad is apt to lose his temper.

注:like doing something 表示“喜欢干某事”,一般用来说明某人的兴趣爱好