中华儿女美术馆网站:澳媒：美国只是超级大国 相比之下，澳洲才是宜居的富国

　　WHILE the United States is the world's superpower, Australia is arguably stronger in many aspects.

　　So how do the two compare?

　　News.com.au has compiled the facts and figures to compare what really counts - the quality of life in each nation - and show you how your life may differ if you lived in  the US.

　　pay poverty 2



　　If you lived in the US you would likely be paid more for a professional position and less for a minimum wage job.

　　You'd also find it harder to get a job in the first place - unemployment is nearly twice as high in the US and the gender pay gap is significantly wider. Australian women earn 83.1 per cent of a man's average salary. US women earn just 77 per cent of what the average US man makes.

　　On the upside you would probably make more money in the US. In 2008, the median household income was $37,690 for Americans compared to $27,039 in Australia, in US dollars (purchasing power parity) according to the OECD.

　　However, you are also more likely to live in poverty in the US. The UN Human Povery Index shows that 12.2 per cent of Australians live on less than half of the median income, considered the best gauge of wealth distribution.

　　For US citizens, the number of people living on that amount or less jumps to 17 per cent.

　　AU/US immigration



　　Both Australia and the US have similar histories founded on immigration. But in the US today you have less than half the chance of knowing someone born in another country than in Australia.

　　Just 12 per cent of Americans were born outside of the US. More than one in five Australians (27 per cent) were born overseas.

　　For every 1000 people in Australia, there is a net migration increase of 6.03 people, almost two whole people above the United States’ 4.18.

　　AU/US Education



　　More American finish high school, but Australians study for longer.

　　Australians spend an average of 21 years in education (from primary through to university), far above the 16-year average of Americans. But as you can see in the data above, more US citizens over the age of 25 have completed high school.

　　According to the US Census, 38.54 per cent of all US citizens over the age of 25 had obtained an Associate or Bachelor’s degree. More than 59 per cent of Australians had obtained an Advanced Diploma or Bachelor's degree by 2006.

　　If you did gain a tertiary education in the US, you would pay much more for it - an average of $20,517 a year for a private independent institution. In Australia, that's just $7902.

　　AU/US healthcare



　　The US spends more on healthcare per capita than Australia but many US citizens still suffer under exorbitant costs. In 2007, 62 per cent of people filing for bankruptcy cited high medical expenses.

　　Of the total expenditure on health in the US, the government contributes 18.7 per cent. The Australian government spends 70 per cent.

　　The top five causes of death are the same for both nations, with similar rates of fatal cancer, but cardiovascular disease is responsible for 1.3 times the number of deaths.

　　And respiratory diseases cause nearly 60 per cent more deaths per 100,000 people in the US than in Australia.

　　If you lived in the US you would be twice as likely to have HIV/AIDS. The number of people living with the illness is 0.6 per cent in the US and 0.3 per cent in Australia.

　　There are 2.999 doctors for every 1000 Australians, just above the US rate of 2.672.

　　AU/US life expectancy 2



　　The Australian lifestyle is good for you.

　　Australians live 40.8 months longer than our American counterparts, making it to the ripe old age of 81.9 on average.

　　Australian women born today have a life expectancy of 83.9 years, longer than US women at 80.8 years. The difference is similar for men with 79.3 years expected life time for Aussie blokes and 75.6 for Americans.

　　Infant mortality is also higher in the United States with 6.06 deaths out of every 1000 compared to Australia’s rate of 4.61/1000.

　　Design: Aurelie Perthuis, Vincent Vergara, Simon Wright

　　Edit: The article initially stated average incomes for Australia and the US. This has been corrected to show the amounts are median incomes, using OECD purchasing power parity.


　　虽然美国是世界超级大国，但却有事实证明澳大利亚在很多方面都比美国强。那么这两个国家比较起来孰优孰劣？澳大利亚新闻在线报道（News.com.au）整理了一些事实和数据，比较了两国之间的生活质量，向您展示如果您生活在美国，情况会有何不同。

　　薪酬 & 贫困

　　如果您居住在美国，从事专业职务会得到更高的报酬，而从事最低工资的工作，那么薪酬将会更低。

　　您也会觉得在美国找工作更难，美国的失业率几乎是澳大利亚的两倍，而且男女薪酬差距也更加大。澳洲女性的平均工资是男性的83.1%，而美国女性的平均工资只有男性的77%。

　　另一方面，您在美国也许能赚更多的钱。根据经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的数据，在2008年，美国家庭的收入中位数为37,690美元，而按照购买力平价理论换算后，澳洲家庭的收入中位数只有27,039美元。（那时候澳元只相当于0.6美元，现在是1.05美元）

　　不过，您在美国也可能更加容易陷入贫困。联合国人类贫困指数（UN Human Poverty Index）显示，12.2%的澳洲人依靠不足中位收入一半的收入过活。而在美国公民中，同等阶层或者收入更低的人数比例达到17%。

　　移民

　　澳大利亚和美国都有类似的移民历史。但如今在美国，您遇见在外国出生人的机率比在澳大利亚要低一半。只有12%的美国人出生在海外，而五个澳洲人当中就有超过一人（27%）出生在海外。在澳大利亚每1000人当中，净移民增长人数达到6.03人，几乎比美国（4.18）多出两人。

　　教育

　　大部分美国人只是高中毕业，而澳洲人的学习时间则更长。

　　澳洲人的平均受教育时间为21年（从小学到大学），远超过美国人的16年。但正如以上数据显示，更多25岁以上的美国人完成高中学业。

　　根据美国人口普查局（US Census）的数据，有38.54%年龄在25岁以上的美国公民取得大专或学士学位。而在2006年之前，有超过59%的澳洲人取得高级专科文凭或者学士学位。

　　如果您在美国接受高等教育，费用也更加高，私立独立院校的学费平均每年要20,517元，而在澳大利亚只需7902元。

　　医疗

　　美国的人均医疗花费比澳洲要高，但是很多美国公民依然要承受不必要的费用。在2007年，62%的人因为医疗费用昂贵而申请破产。

　　在美国的医疗总支出中，政府资助18.7%，而澳大利亚政府的贡献达到70%。两个国家公民死亡的五大原因都相同，两国具有相似的致命癌症率，但是心血管疾病造成的死亡人数平均高出1.3倍。美国10万人当中，因呼吸道疾病而死亡的人数几乎比在澳大利亚高出60%。

　　如果您居住在美国，患HIV/AIDS的机率要高出两倍。患有这种疾病的美国人数比例为0.6%，而澳洲为0.3%。每1000名澳洲人中有2.999名医生，比美国的2.672要高。

　　寿命

　　澳大利亚的生活方式对您有好处。澳洲人的平均寿命比美国人长40.8个月，人均寿命达到81.9岁。如今澳洲女性的寿命为83.9岁，超过美国女性的80.8岁。男性寿命之间的差距也相似，澳洲男性平均寿命为79.3岁，而美国男性为75.6岁。美国的婴儿死亡率也比较高。每1000名婴儿中，美国的死亡率为6.06，而澳洲为4.61。