代表and的日本符号:手足冰冷是缺铁的信号吗？

手足冰冷是缺铁的信号吗？

Everyone gets cold hands and feet sometimes, especially during winter. The difference is that those suffering from Raynaud's disease lose blood circulation in their outer extremities at the slightest change in temperature. In these people, the fingers and toes turn white or take on a bluish tinge as they get colder, and they may feel painful or numb. When they warm up again, they become red as the blood returns and may throb with pain for a few minutes to several hours, depending on the severity of the reaction. However, there are other causes why one might experience cold hands and feet. Believe or not, it could also be the sign of an iron deficiency.

How to deal with cold hands and feet?

人们有时会感觉手足冰冷，尤其是在冬天。然而不同的是，雷诺氏病（肢端动脉痉挛症）患者四肢末端缺乏血液循环，温度变化很小，当受冷的时候四肢发白或发青，有时会有疼痛或麻木感，得到温暖后，血色变得红润，血液循环得到恢复并因对疼痛反应的剧烈程度不同而跳动数分钟或数小时。然而，为什么会感觉手足冰冷还有其他原因。不管你信不信，这也有可能是缺铁的信号。

如何解决手足冰冷？

Raynaud’s disease may be the result of overactive blood vessels, disorders of the connective tissue or emotional upsets. Whatever the cause, these feelings of chilliness or numbness are truly uncomfortable. That is why each person who has cold hands and feet because of that disease should know the following. 

雷诺氏病可能导致血液循环过度活跃，结缔组织紊乱或情绪失常。不管是什么原因，寒冷或者麻木真的让人感觉不舒服。这就是为什么手足冰冷的雷诺氏病患者应该了解以下内容。

There are some ways to give your blood flow a little nudge to get your extremity temp closer to normal. You should get into herring. Fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as mackerel, herring, salmon and anchovies, help reduce the painful blood vessel spasms that cause the shutdown of blood flow. That is why one should try to eat plenty of these cold-water fish to ease the pain of Raynaud’s or other circulatory problems due to cold weather or emotional stress. As an added bonus, these fish also help cut triglycerides, a factor that contributes to heart disease. 

有一些方法可以通过调节血液流动来帮助肢体温度接近正常，例如食用鲱鱼。鱼肉中含有丰富的欧米伽 - 3脂肪酸，如鲭鱼、鲱鱼、鲑鱼和凤尾鱼，它们能够减轻由于血管痉挛而导致血流不畅带来的疼痛。这就是为什么人们应该多食用冷水鱼，它们可以减轻雷诺氏病的疼痛和解决其他由于天气严冷或情绪紧张导致的循环系统问题。另外，多食冷水鱼还有助于降低体内能够引发心脏病的甘油三酯的含量。

It is also important to know that woman’s core body temperature is one or two degrees lower than a man’s. Also, women are more likely to have cold hands and feet, whether due to Raynaud’s or not. One reason for the lower average body temperature is that many women are iron-deficient. Lack of iron can alter your thyroid hormone metabolism, which regulates body heat generation, so women who are aware of this try to consume the recommended 18 milligrams of iron a day, but even so, iron stores are depleted during menstruation.

同样，人们也应该知道，女性的体温比男性低一至两度。因此，不管是由于雷诺氏病还是其他原因女性都更有可能出现手足冰冷。女性平均体温较低的原因之一是缺铁。缺铁可以改变体内甲状腺素的代谢，而甲状腺素代谢调节着体内热量的产生。意识到这一点的女性会有意每天摄入所推荐的18毫克的铁质，但是即便如此，月经期间铁质还是会耗尽。

If your body iron is low, greater iron consumption translates into more body heat, which is a good way to counteract your cold hands and feet. Since dampness leads to chilliness, you should also try to keep your hands and feet dry; absorbent foot powders are excellent for helping keep feet dry. Using foot powder on a regular basis is recommended, even sprinkling it between the toes.

如果体内铁元素含量低，摄入大量铁后可以转化为更多的热量，这是解决手足冰冷的一种好方法。湿气也能够导致寒冷，因此应该试着保持手足干爽。其中，吸湿足粉可以很好地帮助保持双脚干爽，因此建议经常使用足粉，脚趾间也要喷洒。

Could iron deficiency lead to cold hands and feet?

缺铁可以导致手足冰冷吗？

Sure it can, and this  condition  is called anemia. In general, anemia causes extreme fatigue, pale skin, weakness, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and often cold hands and feet. At the same time, signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia in particular may include inflammation or soreness of your tongue, brittle nails, unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances, such as ice, dirt or pure starch and headache. These people could often experience poor appetite, especially in infants and children with iron deficiency anemia. Some people with iron deficiency anemia experience restless legs syndrome, which is an uncomfortable tingling or crawling feeling in your legs that’s generally relieved by moving them. If you or your child develop signs and symptoms that suggest iron deficiency anemia, you should see your doctor. Initially, iron deficiency anemia can be so mild that it goes unnoticed, but as the body becomes more deficient in iron and anemia progresses, the signs and symptoms intensify.

当然可以。这种情况称为贫血。一般来说，贫血会使人极度疲劳，皮肤苍白，乏力，气短，胸闷，并经常感觉手足冰冷。同时，缺铁性贫血的症状还包括口舌发炎、疼痛，指甲变脆，喜食冰冷，脏的或纯淀粉的等非营养物质，以及头痛。缺铁性贫血的患者，尤其是婴幼儿常感食欲不佳。一些缺铁性贫血患者会有不宁腿综合征，腿部有很不舒服的麻刺和蠕动感，一般走动会使症状缓解。如果您或您的孩子出现缺铁性贫血的症状，应该去看医生。缺铁性贫血的症状开始比较轻微，不容易观察到，随着身体不断缺铁，贫血的情况加剧，各种症状也就变得非常明显。

What is iron-deficiency anemia?

什么是缺铁性贫血？

Iron-deficiency anemia is a common and easily treated condition. This condition occurs when there is not enough iron in the body, and is the most common type of anemia. A lack of iron in the body can come from bleeding, not eating enough foods that contain iron, or not absorbing enough iron from food; this varies from case to case. The term anemia is used for a group of conditions in which the number of red blood cells in the blood is lower than normal. It is also used for condition when red blood cells do not have enough hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives the red color to blood. It also carries the oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. 

缺铁性贫血是一种常见的，并容易治愈的疾病。当体内铁元素不足时就会发生，这也是贫血最常见的类型。体内缺铁可能是由于失血，没有食用足够含铁的食物或者没有从食物中摄入足够的铁元素，情况因人而异。血液中红细胞数量低于正常水平的某些情况可以称为贫血。当血红细胞中没有足够的血红蛋白也可以称为贫血。血红蛋白是一种富含铁的蛋白质，它使血液呈现红色，能够携带氧气从肺部运输到机体其他各个部位。

In people with anemia, their blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of the body. Red blood cells also remove carbon dioxide, a waste product, from cells and carry it to the lungs to be exhaled, so as we can see, they have a very important role in the human organism. Red blood cells (RBC) are also called erythrocytes. Normal red blood cells are all about the same size and look like doughnuts without a hole in the center. They are produced by the spongy marrow inside large bones. Healthy red blood cells have an average lifespan of 120 days, so when they die, the iron from the hemoglobin is recycled to make new red blood cells. 

贫血患者的血液中没有足够的氧气运输到身体其他部位。血红细胞也能够通过肺呼气清除细胞内的二氧化碳和废弃物，我们可以看出，他们在机体中发挥着非常重要的作用。血红细胞（RBC）又称红细胞，正常的血红细胞大小差不多，形似中心没有孔的甜甜圈。他们由大骨中的海绵骨髓产生。健康血红细胞的平均寿命是120天，当他们衰亡以后，血红蛋白中的铁被重新利用来产生新的血红细胞。

There are many different types of anemia. The three major causes of anemia are blood loss, decreased production of red blood cells, or increased destruction of red blood cells, as previously mentioned. 

贫血有许多不同的类型。就像前面所提到的，贫血的三个主要的原因是失血，血红细胞生成减少，血红细胞破坏增加。

White blood cells and platelets are the two other kinds of blood cells, which help fight infection, while platelets help blood to clot. In some kinds of anemia, there are low amounts of all three types of blood cells. The most common symptom is feeling tired because the body is not receiving enough oxygen. Iron-deficiency anemia also can develop when the body needs higher levels of iron, such as during pregnancy.

白细胞和血小板是其他两种类型的血细胞，他们能够帮助机体抵御感染，血小板可以促使血液凝固。在一些类型的贫血中，三种类型的血细胞含量都低。最常见的症状是缺氧而造成的疲乏。当体内需要更多的铁元素时也会导致缺铁性贫血，例如，怀孕期间。

Effects of iron-deficiency anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia can range from mild to severe, although a mild case usually causes no symptoms or problems. However, a severe case can cause extreme fatigue or tiredness and weakness. Severe iron-deficiency anemia can lead to serious problems for young children and pregnant women, and it can affect the heart as well. In young children, iron-deficiency anemia can cause a heart murmur and delays the child’s growth and development. It puts the child at greater risk of lead poisoning and infection. It could also cause behavioral problems. In pregnant women, the most common problems iron-deficiency anemia can cause is an increased risk of a premature delivery and a low-birth-weight baby. The heart is affected when there is a lack of oxygen in patient’s body, and then the heart has to work harder to get enough oxygen throughout the body. Over time, this stress on the heart can lead to a fast or irregular heartbeat, chest pain, an enlarged heart, and even heart failure in some cases.

缺铁性贫血的影响

缺铁性贫血的程度可以由轻到重。尽管，轻度贫血没有引起症状或问题。然而，严重贫血能够导致身体极度疲倦和虚弱。重度缺铁性贫血能够给青少年和孕妇带来严重的问题，也能够影响心脏功能。对青少年来说，缺铁性贫血能够使他们的心脏出现杂音，延迟身体的生长和发育，使他们受铅中毒和感染的风险更大，也会导致行为问题。对孕妇来说，缺铁性贫血最常见的问题是早产的风险增加，出生儿童体重偏低。当患者机体缺乏足够的氧气时，心脏功能受到影响，心脏为获得机体足够的氧气而负担加重。长时间下去，心脏压力导致心率过快或心率不齐，胸痛，心脏扩大甚至衰竭。

Important general information about iron deficiency

缺铁的一些重要常识

A lack of iron in the body is the most common nutritional problem, where iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. It is most often found in young children, pregnant women, and women of childbearing age; in fact, it affects half of all pregnant women and 1 out of 5 women of childbearing age. Iron-deficiency anemia can be treated successfully, and usually its causes as well. However, if left untreated, it can lead to severe symptoms and serious problems.

机体缺铁是最常见的营养问题，缺铁性贫血也是最常见的贫血类型。最常见于幼儿、孕妇和育龄妇女。实际上，它影响了二分之一的孕妇和五分之一的育龄妇女。缺铁性贫血因其发病原因可以得到成功的治愈。然而，如果不及时治疗，也会引发严重的症状和问题。

What causes iron deficiency anemia?

缺铁性贫血发病的原因？

Iron-deficiency anemia occurs when there is too little iron in the body, and the three main reasons for that have already been listed. These are blood loss (either from disease or injury), not getting enough iron in the diet, and not being able to absorb the iron in the diet. In general, when blood is lost, iron is lost, so if the body does not have enough iron reserves to make up for the iron loss, a person will develop iron-deficiency anemia. Blood is lost in a number of ways, for example in women, iron and red blood cells are lost when bleeding occurs from very long or heavy menstrual periods as well as from childbirth. Women can also lose iron and red blood cells from slowly bleeding fibroids in the uterus. Blood is also lost through internal bleeding, where most often this loss of blood occurs slowly and can be due to a bleeding ulcer, colon polyp, or colon cancer. 

体内铁元素含量太少就会引发缺铁性贫血，上面已经列举了三个主要的发病原因，失血（疾病或受伤），没有食入足够含铁的食物，没有从食物中吸收足够的铁。一般来说，失血的同时铁元素也会随着流失，如果体内没有储备足够的铁元素来弥补流失的铁就会引发缺铁性贫血。血液流失有很多方面，例如，对女性来说，月经和分娩期间长时间大量的失血会使铁和血红细胞流失。女性也可因子宫肌瘤慢性失血而流失铁和血红细胞。也有机体内部失血的情况，这也是最常见的慢性失血，包括出血性溃疡，结肠息肉或结肠癌。

Regular use of aspirin or other pain medicine such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hookworm infection, urinary tract bleeding, and rapid loss or removal of blood can also cause iron-deficiency anemia. 

经常使用阿司匹林或其它止痛药如非甾体类消炎药，钩虫感染，泌尿道出血以及血液快速流失和清除也会导致缺铁性贫血。

Keep in mind that meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and iron-fortified foods are the best sources of iron. Eating patterns that exclude these foods or food supplements may lead to problems with iron-deficiency anemia. For example, some vegetarians do not eat enough foods containing iron, while other people get iron-deficiency anemia because of eating poorly due to alcoholism or aging. Following a diet that has an imbalance of food groups can lead to this type of anemia as well. Examples of diets that can lead to iron-deficiency anemia are low-fat diets, because following a low-fat diet over a long period of time may limit sources of iron from animal foods. Diets high in sugars are often low in iron, while high-fiber diets can slow the absorption of iron. It is also important to know that people may need more iron at some periods in their lives. If they do not get more iron at these times, they may develop iron-deficiency anemia. 

请记住，肉、禽、鱼、蛋、乳制品和铁强化食品是铁的最佳来源。排除这些食物或食物补充剂的饮食习惯可能导致缺铁性贫血的发生。例如，一些素食主义者没有食用足够含铁的食物，其它一些人也由于酗酒或年龄的原因而食欲不佳导致缺铁性贫血。食物种类不均衡的饮食习惯也会导致这种类型的贫血。低脂饮食也会导致缺铁性贫血，因为长时间低脂饮食限制了从肉类中获取铁源。糖类摄入过多也会引发缺铁，因为高纤维饮食会减少铁的吸收。同样，人们也应该知道生命中的某些阶段需要更多的铁，在这些阶段如果没有摄入足够的铁就会引发缺铁性贫血。

Moreover, certain factors make it hard for the body to absorb enough iron from food. These factors include intestinal surgery or diseases of the intestine, such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease, prescription medicines that reduce acid in the stomach, low levels of folate, vitamin B12, or vitamin C in the diet.

此外，某些因素使人们难以从食物中吸收足够的铁，这些因素包括肠道手术，克罗恩病或脂泻病等肠道疾病，治疗胃酸的处方药，饮食中缺乏叶酸、维生素B12或维生素C。