v touch tap:小学英语总复习1（语音，词汇）

新版国际音标学习
掌握国际音标是学好英语的重要一环。学好国际音标不但有助于学生自己拼读单词，而且能使学生正确地发音和朗读, 提高他们的口语能力。因此学好国际音标是十分必要的。英语音标是记录英语发音的音素符号,英语共有48个音标,其中元音20个(单元音12个,双元音8个),辅音包含清辅音和浊辅音26个(一舌、二半、三鼻、六爆、六破、十摩擦 )。根据国际音标的特点，以下将第十四版国际音标例词及发音规则归纳如下：
一、元  音
在英语的元音中，一共有12个单元音和8个单元音, 双元音是由两个元音音标所组成的音素，发音时要注意“前轻后重，前长后短”的特点。
（一）单元音（12个）
1、/i:/     例词： me   he   she  see   tea   key   east
发音要诀：  舌抵下齿，嘴唇扁平，做微笑状，发“一”之长音。
2、/ I /    例词：  it   big  ship   study   listen
发音要决：舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全合，发短促之“一”音。
3、/e/     例词：  bed  get  end  let  head  many  friend  lesson
发音要决：舌近硬颚，舌尖抵下齿，牙床半开半合，做微笑状。
4、/Q/    例词：  map   cap   cat   bad   and   apple
发音要决：双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床全开，软腭升起，唇自然开放。
5、/ɑ:/   例词： car  fast  dark  star  card   hard  farm  garden
的发音：双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后收缩，微离下齿，发“啊”之长音。
6、/?n/    例词： on   hot   cup   want   mother   touch
发音要决：双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后收缩，微离下齿，发短促之“啊”音。
7、/?:/   例词： her   bird   dirt    early   worker   purse
发音要决：舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。
8、/? /    例词： ago   panda   teacher  doctor   around  famous
发音要决:舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，牙床较张开，发“厄”之短音。
9、/u:/    例词： zoo  who  ruler  food  fruit   cool   shoot
发音要决：双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发“屋”之长音。
10、/u /  例词： foot  good  cook  book  took   full   should
发音要决：双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发短促之“屋”音。
11、/?:/  例词： horse  water  short   door  talk   saw  autumn
发音要决：双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开至全开，舌尖卷上再过度为卷后。
12、/ ?: /   例词： dog   what   ball   call   hall  talk  bought
发音要决：双唇稍微向外突出成圆形，舌后升起，舌尖抵下齿，发“奥”音。
（二）双元音（8个）
1、/ ei /   例词： age  day  they  eight  great  date  wait   race
发音要决:：舌尖抵住下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平，由发“哀”音平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。
2、/ ai /   例词： hi   my  bye  fly  high  buy  rice  like  light
发音要决：将口张开略圆，舌后微升，舌尖向后收缩，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。
3、/ ?i /  例词：  boy  toy  oil  join  soil  noise
发音要决：双唇外突成圆形，发“奥”音。逐渐过度为双唇扁平分开，发“一”之短音。
4、/ ?u /   例词： no  own  note   bowl   boat  know  shoulder
发音要决：口半开半闭，舌后微升，过渡双唇成圆形，发“欧”之音。
5、/ au /   例词：  out    now   town   sound   house  brown
发音要决：将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。
6、/ i? /   例词：  ear   deer   fear   here   idea   near
发音要决：双唇张开，牙床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过度为上卷，从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。
7、/ε? /    例词： air   hair   bear   dare   there  their  carefully
发音要决：双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开相当宽，舌尖卷上渐至卷后。
8、/ u? /   例词： sure    poor   tour   february
发音要决：双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，发“屋”之长音，然后从“屋”过渡到“厄”音。
二、辅 音（28个）
国际音标里总共有28个辅音音素，辅音里面有清辅音和浊辅音，浊辅音在发音时声带振动，而清辅音在发音时声带不振动。
(一) 摩擦音（10个）
摩擦音是发音时，气流开始部分受到阻碍，随后气流从缝隙中泄出，发出声音。
1、  /f/    例词： fat  fast  face  fine  life  fire  phone  father
/v/    例词： of   love   view  vine  very  violin  leave
发音要决：下齿轻触上齿，气流从唇齿间的缝隙泻出摩擦成音，/f/ 是清辅音，/v/浊辅音。
2 、/θ/    例词：  both   cloth   three  thing  mouth   hanks  birthday
/e/    例词：  that   than   these   bathe   mother
发音要决：舌尖轻触上齿背，气流从唇齿间的缝隙泻出摩擦成音，/θ/ 是清辅音， /e/ 是浊辅音。
3 、/s/    例词：  sun  ice  sea  sell  same  face  snake  mouse
/z/    例词：  zoo  eyes  nose  knees  prize  music
发音要决：舌抬起，靠近上齿龈，气流由舌端和齿龈间泻出摩擦成音。/s/  是清辅音， /z/  是浊辅音。
4 、/ ? /   例词： she  sure  wash  ship  sheep share shake   shop  fish
/ ? /   例词：  pleasure   usually
发音要决：舌尖和舌端向上齿龈后部抬起，舌身靠近硬颚开成一条狭窄的通道。气流由此泄出口腔，摩擦成音。双唇向前突出，略成圆形。/ ? / 是清辅音，/ ? /是浊辅音。
5、 / h /    例词： he  hen  hat   hill  high  hair  horse
发音要决：口张开气流不受阻碍，自由溢出口腔，在通过声门时产生轻微摩擦，/h/ 是清辅音。
6 、/ r /    例词： run   red  rain   free   race   write  read
发音要决： 舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起，舌前部下陷，略成凹型，双唇稍向前突出，气流从口腔泻出，声带振动 ，/r/ 是浊辅音。
(二) 爆破音（6个）
在发音时，气流开始完全受到阻碍，然后气流有力急促的冲开阻碍发出声音。
1 、/p/    例词： pen  pig  park   pool   peach  happy   speak
/b/    例词： big   bye  bad  bus  job  bird   bark  bike
发音要决：双唇紧闭，然后突然张开，气流泄出口腔。/p/ 是清辅音，/b/是浊辅音。
2 、/ t /    例词：   to  tea  tear  seat  boat   town  bottle
/ d /    例词：  do  dog  date  down   duck   glad    made  window
发音要决：舌尖紧抵上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后舌尖突然离开气流泄出口腔。/t/ 是清辅音, /d/是浊辅音。
3 、/k/    例词：  cap  key  cow  car  card   come  kite  back  cold
/g/    例词：  go  bag   egg  pig  gap  girl   gold  gave
发音要决：舌后部抬起紧贴软颚，形成阻碍，然后舌后部突然离开气流泄出口腔。/k/  是清辅音，/g/ 是浊辅音。
（三） 破擦音（6个）
破擦辅音是由一个爆破音和一个摩擦音组成。
1 、/ t? /  例词： watch  child  China  chair  cheap  lunch
/ d? /  例词： Jane  jeep  gem  joke   bridge  orange
发音要决：舌间和舌端抬起。贴住上齿龈后部形成阻碍，双唇稍向前突出，气流冲破这个阻碍后，通过舌和齿龈间的窄缝摩擦成音。/t?/ 是清辅音。/d?/是浊辅音。
2 、 / ts/  例词：  pats  cats  shirts  skates  students
/dz/  例词：  seeds  cards  hands   roads
发音要决：舌尖抵上齿龈形成阻碍，舌尖略下降气流泻出口腔/ts/ 是清辅音。/dz/ 是浊辅音。
3 、 /tr/   例词：  train   tree    trip
/dr/   例词：  drive  drip  dress  dream
发音要决：舌尖抵上齿龈后部形成阻碍，舌身取发/r/的姿势，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的[t]或[d]之后立即发/r/。/tr/ 是清辅音，/[dr/ 是浊辅音。
（四）鼻辅音（3个）
发三个鼻辅音时气流在不同的位置，程度不同地受阻，最后都通过鼻腔泄出，其中最难的音为/ ? /， 其次应注意/m/在单词末尾时应闭嘴，另外/n/不能与/l/混淆。
1 、/m/    例词：  me   home  came  some  mouth   game   many
发音要决：双唇闭合,软鹗下垂气流从鼻腔泻出，/m/是浊辅音。
2 、/ n /   例词：son  run  thin  neck  noon   knife  number
发音要决：舌尖紧抵下齿龈形成阻碍，软鹗下垂气流从鼻腔泻出,/n/是浊辅音。
3 、/ ? /   例词：Sing  king  song   thing  strong   bring
发音要决：舌后部抬起，抵住软鹗，气流从鼻腔泻出，/ ? / 是浊辅音。
（五）半元音（2个）
1 、/ j /    例词：  yes    yard   year   yellow
发音要决：舌前部尽量向硬鹗抬起，双唇平展口微开，气流从口腔泻出，可有轻微摩擦声带振动，一经发出立即向后面的元音滑动，一起发/j/。
2 、/ w /   例词： wheat    wheel   way   wood
发音要决：舌后部向软鹗抬起，双唇收圆并向前突出气流从口腔泻出声带振动，一经发出立即向后面的元音滑动，一起发/w/。
（六）舌侧音（1个）
发音有两种，清晰的/l/ 和含糊的/l/，清晰的/l/出现在元音前面，含糊的/l/ 出现在辅音前面或词尾。
1 、清晰的/ l /  例词：  letter   lesson  lion   lamp
发音要决：舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前部向硬颚抬起。气流从舌的两端泻出口腔[l]是浊辅音。
2 、含糊的/ l /  例词：  ball  girl  tall  bottle
发音要决：舌端紧贴上齿龈后部，舌前部下陷气流从舌的两端泻出口腔[l]是浊辅音。
3、区分鼻音[n]和舌侧音[l]
例词：  /n/ nine  now  night  know     [l] line  law  light  lown
44个基本音；代表44个基本音的字母和字母组合；468个不间断音；30-40常用的前缀和后缀;
二十六个辅音
b+e=be
k+e=ke
d+e=de
f+e=fe
g+e=ge
b
c
d
f
g
h+e=he
zh+e=zhe
l+e=le
m+e=me
n+e=ne
h
j
l
m
n
p+e=pe
k+uo=kuo
r+uo=ruo
s+e=se
t+e=te
p
qu
r
s
t
*v+e=ve
w+e=we
ke+se=kse
y+e=ye
z+e=ze
v
w
x
y
z
ch+e=che
sh+e=she
ch+uo=chuo
zh+uo=zhuo
**s+e=se
z+e=ze
ch
sh
tr
dr
th or th
*发此音时，上齿咬著下嘴唇       **发此两个音时，把舌尖伸出上下齿间
英辅      b
c
d
f
g
字母组合 b
c  k, ck, ch
d
f,   ph
g,  gu, gh
h
j
l
m
n
h,      wh
j ,dge, g (i,e,y)
l
m
n, kn, gn
p
qu
r
s
t
p
qu
r,     wr
s,  c (i,e,y)
t
v
w
x
y
z
v
w,    wh
x
y
z
ch
sh
tr
dr
th or th
ch,       tch
sh,   ti, si, ci
tr
dr
th
注：表中下划线不发音，g(iey)表示g在字母“i,e,g”前可发“j”音。C在字母“i,e,y”前必须发“s”音
十八个元音
i
A
a
e
i
o
*u
ei
i
ai
ou
iu
a_e
**ee
i_e
o_e
u_e
a
e
ao
u
ar
or
ur
ow
oo
air
eer
oi
our
*此音要发的比汉语拼音中的“a”要短而窄。**此音要发的比汉语拼音中的“i”要长而窄。
a
e
i
o
u
a
ea     e
y    i
a    o
o, ou, oo,u
a _e
ee
i_e
o_e
u_e
ai, ay, ey, eigh,ea
ea, ie,ei,ee
y, igh, ie
o, oa, ow, oe
ue, ui, ew
ar
or
ur
ow
oo
ar
aw, au, al ,or
ir,er,ear,(w)or,ur
ou , ow
oo,ui, ew, ue
air
ear
oi
eir,air,ear,are,ere
Eer, ear, ere
oy,oi
英语单词的构成
元音是单音节英语单词中的王，因为它们决定着一个单词最终的发音.
在单音节英语单词中，级别最高的辅音是元音前面紧挨着它的那个辅音.
一个元音和它前面紧挨着它的那个辅音共同组成一个不间断音.
多音节词是由不同的不间断音和其他辅音组成或词缀组成的。
第二部分: 五个长元音
长元音“a_e”
代表长元音“a_e”的字母:    ai, ay, ey, eigh,ea
不间断音:  b+ a_e=ba_e
26个不间断音
ba_e
ha_e
pa_e
va_e
cha_e
ca_e
ja_e
qua_e
wa_e
sha_e
da_e
la_e
ra_e
xa_e
tra_e
fa_e
ma_e
sa_e
ya_e
dra_e
ga_e
na_e
ta_e
za_e
tha_e
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
table
cable
label
fatal
able
paper
baby
baker
bakery
bacon
favor
savor
hasty
tasty
hasten
famous
capable
patriotic
patience
tailor
sailor
mailer
drainer
rainy
brainy
dainty
daily
daisy
gaily
grainy
bailey
frailty
mailing
sailing
fainting
training
draining
drainage
failure
faintness
navigate
graduate
fascinate
candidate
suffocate
calculate
fabricate
activate
tabulate
generate
celebrate
devastate
demonstrate
emigrate
delegate
estimate
legislate
lemonade
要点
在由“-tion”结尾的单词中，重音一般落在“-tion”前面紧挨着的不间断音上，而且元音字母发其字名音，如：“education”。但是如果“-tion”和前面紧挨着的不间断音被一个辅音字母隔开，前面这个不间断音的元音字母发其短元音的音, 如：“transaction”。
真词认读(4)
真词认读(5)
真词认读(6)
desolation
punctuation
generation
destination
population
transportation
demonstration
obligation
connection
separation
justification
decoration
plantation
legislation
investigation
domination
occupation
education
inspection
television
benediction
nomination
liberation
elevation
estimation
modernization
filtration
suffocation
federation
deliberation
immigration
constitution
declaration
immunization
fabrication
graduation
ventilation
inspection
television
benediction
connection
separation
fabrication
graduation
ventilation
suffocation
federation
desolation
punctuation
generation
destination
population
transportation
demonstration
obligation
justification
decoration
modernization
filtra tion
plantation
legislation
investigation
domination
occupation
education
nomination
liberation
elevation
estimation
revolution
dedication
communication
短句认读
I hate to be late on such a date.
Jane wants to save my face.
Don’t make the same mistake.
We were born on the same date.
You can bake a cake in the same way.
I will wait to play a game with Jane.
Can you stay in the shade?
Just call a spade a spade.
Please wait at the gate.
Shame on the snake.
You need to pray on such a day.
Can you stay away from the tray?
I will pay for the delay on payday.
Do you want to ride in the train in the rain?
That is a main gain in the game.
He will stay in a jail in Spain for eight days.
No pains, no gains!
I saw eight whales in the lake.
Stay and pray!
He is such a brave slave.
Stay awake!
长元音“ee”
长元音“ee”的代表字母和字母组合:  ea   ie
不间断音: b+ ea=bea
26个不间断音
bea
hea
pea
vea
chea
cea
jea
quea
wea
shea
dea
lea
rea
xea
trea
fea
mea
sea
yea
drea
gea
nea
tea
zea
thea
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
fever
lever
lethal
legal
levis
meter
peeler
peeper
meeker
belief
defeat
repeat
retreat
median
media
mediate
Medium
lethargic
dealer
stealer
healer
deceit
receive
receipt
relieve
eagle
beadle
beagle
needle
feasible
beaker
cleaner
speaker
meager
beamer
weaker
squeaker
steamer
gleaner
eater
meaner
teaser
leaner
leaser
sneaker
bleaker
leader
seeker
heeler
bleacher
preacher
cheater
teacher
eaten
neaten
beaten
weaken
reason
season
Seaton
deceive
breeding
creeping
beaming
beamish
bleakish
seeding
dreaming
meaning
cleaning
feeling
relief
believe
短句认读
He is in such a deep sleep.
Can you increase the speed?
Check the steering wheel?
I feel such a sweet breeze in the field.
Can you give him a kiss on the cheek?
He seems to be asleep in the ship.
Where do you want to preach the creed?
Read the lease and sign the deeds.
Please repeat the speech.
It is just a cheap steel wheel.
I see three sleeping geese in the field.
I need more cheese.
长元音“i_e”
长元音“i_e”的代表字母和字母组合:  i_e  y   ie   igh
不间断音:b+ i_e=bi_e
26个不间断音
bi_e
hi_e
pi_e
vi_e
chi_e
ci_e
ji_e
qui_e
wi_e
shi_e
di_e
li_e
ri_e
xi_e
tri_e
fi_e
mi_e
si_e
yi_e
dri_e
gi_e
ni_e
ti_e
zi_e
thi_e
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
rifle
trifle
stifle
rival
arrival
dilate
digest
digress
bilingual
trilingual
philosophize
criticize
jeopardize
pressurize
symbolize
emphasize
revolutionize
sympathize
prior
fiber
tiger
cipher
primer
giant
pious
lilac
digestible
baptize
empire
franchise
tranquilize
maximize
transcribe
tantalize
scandalize
satellite
sacrifice
library
primary
finance
priority
hibernate
migrate
tripod
bicycle
tricycle
microbe
galvanize
memorize
centralize
westernize
enterprize
summarize
recognize
standardize
baptize
empire
franchise
tranquilize
maximize
transcribe
tantalize
scandalize
satellite
sacrifice
minimize
paraliye
describe
prescribe
Americanize
sometime
apologize
capitalize
galvanize
memorize
centralize
westernize
enterprise
summarize
recognize
standardize
humanize
modernize
philosophize
criticize
jeopardize
pressurize
symbolize
emphasize
revolutionize
characterize
minimize
paralyze
describe
prescribe
Americanize
sometime
apologize
moralize
subsidize
fantasize
sympathize
characterize
capitalize
moralize
subsidize
fantasize
humanize
modernize
短句认读
Out of sight, out of mind.
She is my bright child.
I drank five glasses of wine last night.
What a bright night!
It is just a little harmless white lie.
I often ride a bike to school.
We had a big fight last night.
Can you stay by my side?
This isn’t a right size for my child.
I wish I could fly in the sky.
Don’t cry, my child.
We had a good time on a wild night.
This is my fight in my life.
This is just the right time.
Just write her a nice letter.
Rain or shine.
She is not my wise wife.
Can you fly a kite in the sky?
Mike has such a nice sweet smile.
He might be in his prime time.
Sam might be right.
Don’t bribe a child.
长元音“o_e”
长元音“o_e”的代表字母和字母组合:  o_e  oa   ow  o  oe
不间断音: b+ o_e=bo_e
26个不间断音
bo_e
ho_e
po_e
vo_e
cho_e
co_e
jo_e
quo_e
wo_e
sho_e
do_e
lo_e
ro_e
xo_e
tro_e
fo_e
mo_e
so_e
yo_e
dro_e
go_e
no_e
to_e
zo_e
tho_e
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
moment
locust
locus
focus
gofer
sober
donor
motor
molar
polar
solar
Polish
coordinate
cooperate
coworker
focal
total
social
local
logo
solo
mojo
token
tonus
rodent
rodeo
roman
rotate
sodium
podium
boaster
coaster
roaster
toaster
boater
boastful
roaming
coaxing
coating
loafer
loathing
toasting
soaking
loadable
Poland
moaning
floating
boating
loading
loader
poacher
loather
moaner
roamer
telescope
microscope
telephone
headphone
suppose
compose
narrow
shallow
gallows
sallow
shadow
fellow
barrow
pillow
widow
swallow
repose
expose
depose
dispose
buffalo
potato
tomato
tango
solo
echo
memo
Kilo
video
radio
propose
interpose
impose
oppose
短句认读
Go home to impose.
So old to propose.
No hope to expose the host.
Gold coast to compose.
Make a toast to the host.
Holy ghost。
I know how to tow Joe’s slow boat.
Joe knows the owner of the boat.
Rose grows so slow in the snow.
Throw Joe his coat.
No joke on the road.
ET phone home。
Show me the gold。
To feel cold in the boat。
Step on my toe。
He chose some rose for Rose。
Who wrote those prose。
Close the road。
A moaning goat。
Show Joe the toad。
Wind blows the snow。
A floating boat。
长元音“u_e”
长元音“u_e”的代表字母和字母组合: u_e  ue  ew
不间断音:b+u_e=bu_e
不间断音
bu_e
hu_e
pu_e
cu_e
ju_e
su_e
du_e
lu_e
tu_e
fu_e
mu_e
vu_e
gu_e
nu_e
thu_e
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
nuclear
nutrient
tutor
human
humor
mutual
tumor
educate
bugle
duty
funeral
museum
music
nutrition
numerous
institute
destitute
verisimilitude
attitude
altitude
latitude
aptitude
numerous
university
universal
universe
unique
unity
ubiquitous
regulate
calculate
peculate
articulate
multitude
assume
resume
capitulate
enthusiastic
habituate
gesticulate
unilateral
duplicate
student
第三部分: 五个普通元音
普通元音“ar”
普通元音“ar”的代表字母和字母组合: ar
不间断音: b+ar=bar
26个不间断音
bar
har
par
var
char
car
jar
quar
war
shar
dar
lar
rar
xar
trar
far
mar
sar
yar
drar
gar
nar
tar
zar
thar
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
market
target
carpet
garden
harden
Darden
carbon
farther
garter
darter
barley
hardly
starkly
martyr
smarter
larder
harder
darker
barker
barber
marker
sparker
Barkley
army
Darby
lardy
archly
starchy
sparkly
cargo
embargo
Fargo
charming
darling
barbecue
bargain
barbarian
department
barbershop
barnacle
cardiac
carcass
cardinal
charcoal
cardiology
carnival
carpenter
cartoon
garlic
gargle
garnish
harmless
garment
garbage
margin
martial
marbles
harmony
harmonic
barren
barricade
barrier
barrow
carriage
chargeable
Marxism
marvelous
harmonious
Barnyard
barracks
carrot
barrel
tardy
hardy
barmy
harpy
farthest
普通元音“or”
元音“or”的代表字母和字母组合: or  aw  au
不间断音: b+ or=bor
26个不间断音
bor
hor
por
vor
chor
cor
jor
quor
wor
shor
dor
lor
ror
xor
tror
for
mor
sor
yor
dror
gor
nor
tor
zor
thor
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
border
porter
sorter
order
former
corner
dormer
Mormon
gorgon
cordon
Norman
shorten
formal
normal
mortal
sordid
morbid
orbit
torrid
torpid
corkage
corporal
corpulent
dormant
dormitory
normality
mortality
formality
normalize
portfolio
formalize
immortalize
formation
Cordial
formula
borderline
forthright
forthcoming
fortnight
morning
mordant
moreover
morpheme
morphology
corporate
formulate
mortgage
normative
fortunate
fortress
forward
fortitude
gorgeous
formidable
portrait
portray
sorghum
普通元音“ur”
普通元音“ur”的字母和字母组合: ur  ir  er  ear  (w)or
不间断音: b+ur=bur
26个不间断音
bur
hur
pur
vur
chur
cur
jur
quur
wur
shur
dur
lur
rur
xur
trur
fur
mur
sur
yur
drur
gur
nur
tur
zur
thur
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
dirty
thirty
thirsty
jerky
Gerber
merger
furbish
further
murder
burner
murmur
earner
hurdle
turtle
girdle
burglar
turbo
herder
ferment
Bermuda
burbling
fermentable
fermentation
hurdler
hurter
hurler
gurgle
turner
learner
jerkins
girlish
skirmish
turbot
普通元音“ow”
普通元音“ow”的代表字母和字母组合: ow  ou
不间断音: b+ ow=bow
26个不间断音
bow
how
pow
vow
chow
cow
jow
quow
wow
show
dow
low
row
xow
trow
fow
mow
sow
yow
drow
gow
now
tow
zow
thow
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
coward
cowardly
dowdy
nowadays
powder
powerful
powerfully
powerhouse
powering
towel
tower
chowder
shower
drowning
drowsing
drowsily
drowsiness
townsman
chowchow
drowsy
bouncer
bouncing
bouncy
bounty
boundary
bounden
bounder
boundless
bounteous
bountiful
foully
loudly
lousy
lousily
bouncy
bounty
lounger
bouncer
bounder
founding
fountain
foundation
loudness
loudspeaker
lousiness
mountain
mounting
pounding
loudmouth
bouncing
boundary
bounden
boundless
bounteous
bountiful
powerless
founder
普通元音“oo”
普通元音“oo”的代表字母和字母组合: oo
不间断音: b+ oo=boo
26个不间断音
boo
hoo
poo
voo
choo
coo
joo
quoo
woo
shoo
doo
loo
roo
xoo
troo
foo
moo
soo
yoo
droo
goo
noo
too
zoo
thoo
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
cooker
looker
booker
roomer
boomer
footer
goober
cooler
hooter
hooker
Hooper
Hoover
rooster
booster
tooter
pooper
scooter
snooper
Spooner
roofer
puller
ruler
rumor
lunar
cookie
bookish
foolish
booking
cooking
looking
booming
shooting
mooting
soothing
booby
booty
boozy
hooky
loony
loopy
sooty
toothy
moody
goopy
goody
oozy
roomy
groovy
kooky
goofy
woody
gloomy
Spooky
gooey
goosey
rookie
Rudy
Ruby
Judy
July
pulley
looming
loosen
noodle
poodle
goodness
googol
普通元音“air”
代表双元音“air”的字母: air  are  ere
不间断音: b+are=bare
26个不间断音
bare
hare
pare
vare
chare
care
jare
quare
ware
share
dare
lare
rare
xare
trare
fare
mare
sare
yare
drare
gare
nare
tare
zare
thare
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
bare
care
dare
fare
share
ware
glare
snare
air
fair
hair
lair
mare
pare
rare
pair
scare
aware
spare
square
chair
flair
stair
hare
普通元音“ear”
双元音“ear”的代表字母和字母组合: ear  eer
不间断音: b+ eer=beer
26个不间断音
beer
heer
peer
veer
cheer
ceer
jeer
queer
weer
sheer
deer
leer
reer
xeer
treer
feer
meer
seer
yeer
dreer
geer
neer
teer
zeer
theer
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
ear
year
fear
gear
dear
hear
tear
shear
clear
smear
spear
appear
jeer
peer
queer
seer
cheer
sheer
steer
sneer
here
mere
leer
volunteer
rear
near
sear
deer
beer
auctioneer
cannoneer
engineer
mountaineer
pioneer
普通元音“oi”
双元音“oi”的代表字母和字母组合: oi  oy
不间断音: b+ oi=boi
26个不间断音
boi
hoi
poi
voi
choi
coi
joi
quoi
woi
shoi
doi
loi
roi
xoi
troi
foi
moi
soi
yoi
droi
goi
noi
toi
zoi
thoi
真词认读(1)
真词认读(2)
真词认读(3)
boy
coy
soy
joy
oil
boil
coil
foil
coin
join
noise
poise
point
moist
joist
toil
soil
broil
spoil
joint
Roy
toy
ploy
voice
第四部分: 特殊多音节词
特殊多音节词(1)
由 “ic”组成的多音节词的重音问题
要点: 一般来讲，由“ic”结尾的多音节词的重音几乎全部落在倒数第二个音节上。
由“ic”结尾的多音节词(1)
由“ic”结尾的多音节词(2)
specific
geologic
acrobatic
alcoholic
academic
economic
epidemic
optimistic
pessimistic
demonic
infrasonic
harmonic
nationalistic
democratic
idealistic
idiotic
deterministic
individualistic
intergalactic
geographic
atomic
autocratic
ironic
diplomatic
authentic
enthusiastic
gymnastic
systematic
linguistic
magnetic
symbolic
特殊多音节词(2)
由 “sive”组成的多音节词的重音问题
要点: 一般来讲，由携带前缀的动词派生来的形容词其原有重读音不变。
由 “sive”组成的多音节词
aggressive
defensive
decisive
excessive
expensive
intensive
offensive
extensive
attractive
incentive
destructive
constructive
effective
productive
protective
objective
perspective
collective
addictive
特殊多音节词(3)
三个音节以上单词如何处理重音问题
要点:一般来讲，三个音节以上单词的重音几乎全部落在倒数第三个不间断音上。
三个音节以上的多音节词(1)
三个音节以上的多音节词(2)
三个音节以上的多音节词(3)
legitimate
inveterate
invigorate
intoxicate
hegemony
hereditary
hallucinate
hermaphrodite
contaminate
consecutive
conglomerate
commiserate
habituate
gesticulate
gastronomy
galvanize
fabricate
escalate
ephemeral
disseminate
capitulate
calamity
chimerical
exhilarate
discrepancy
degenerate
debilitate
decimate
fidelity
facilitate
curriculum
benevolent
autonomy
astrology
vicissitude
expatriate
expedient
equilibrium
empirical
elucidate
duplicity
coordinate
parathyroidectomy
velocity
unilateral
unequivocal
verisimilitude
ubiquitous
topography
tautological
telepathy
revivify
asseverate
articulate
apostatize
subsidiary
clemency
apostrophe
antipathy
anthropology
antithesis
affiliate
acidulous
assimilate
aboriginal
unanimous
特殊多音节词(4)
由 “ous”结尾的多音节词的重音问题
要点: 在认读由“ous”结尾的多音节词时，切记不要把“ous”和前面的元音划在一起，否则重音的确认将会出现问题。
由“ous”结尾的多音节词(1)
由“ous”结尾的多音节词(2)
ambiguous
ambitious
conspicuous
contemptuous
continuous
courageous
impetuous
hilarious
mysterious
nutritious
fictitious
conscious
unconscious
subconscious
religious
hilarious
gregarious
supercilious
simultaneous
spontaneous
superstitious
advantageous
tenacious
adventurous
ubiquitous
anonymous
glamorous
solicitous
autonomous
tremendous
前缀“a-”
about
above
abuse
accept
accord
account
accuse
achieve
across
adapt
attend
attract
avail
address
adhere
adjust
admit
adopt
advance
advice
affair
affect
affirm
aware
away
await
afflict
afford
afraid
against
ago
agree
ahead
alarm
alert
alike
attain
attempt
attack
alive
allow
alone
along
aloud
amaze
among
amount
amuse
announce
assume
attach
annoy
apart
apparent
appeal
appear
applaud
apply
appoint
approach
approve
avert
avoid
around
arrange
array
arrest
arrive
aside
assault
assert
assess
assist
awake
award
前缀“be-”
because
become
before
begin
behave
beside
betray
between
beyond
beguile
bequeath
berate
beseech
besiege
behead
believe
belong
below
beneath
belittle
beloved
bewildered
bewitched
bestow
bewail
befuddled
behind
前缀“com-”
combine
commit
commend
commute
compact
compare
compel
compete
comparable
complete
comply
compose
compress
comprise
compute
combust
command
compromise
computer
composer
commander
combustor
comfort
combat
comment
company
companion
commiserate
communicate
compassionate
compatible
compensate
compensation
comparison
commissioner
competent
complement
compliment
complicate
compression
common
complex
commune
commute
compile
complain
comprehend
compass
前缀“con-”
concede
conceive
concern
conclude
condemn
condense
conduct
confer
confess
confine
conscience
contract
conscious
confederate
conglomerate
congratulate
congratulation
congregate
congregation
confide
confirm
conform
confront
confound
confuse
congeal
congest
connect
connote
confederation
conference
confession
confidence
confident
confirmation
confrontation
confidential
confiscate
consent
conserve
consist
consider
console
conspire
constrain
construct
construe
consult
congenital
congestion
congestive
congressman
congruous
connecticut
connection
connotation
consecutive
consensus
convent
consume
contain
contend
contest
continue
contrive
control
convene
converge
converse
consequent
consequence
conservative
considerable
considerate
consideration
considering
consolidate
consolidation
consonant
convert
convey
convict
convince
convoke
concise
content
contrite
contempt
consistent
conspicuous
conspiracy
conspirator
constitute
constitution
constitutional
construction
convertible
congenial
consultant
container
controller
contact
contest
context
constant
conflict
congress
conquest
contaminate
continent
continuation
continuous
contribute
contribution
conversation
consumption
constructive
contagious
前缀“de-”
debar
debate
debug
decay
deceive
decide
declaim
declare
decline
decease
despair
detach
detail
detain
detect
deter
determine
detest
decipher
decrease
decoy
decrypt
deduce
deduct
defeat
defend
defer
define
develop
devise
devote
devour
delighted
despite
decade
desert
deflate
defog
defrost
defraud
default
defy
degrade
degree
deject
delete
decadent
decadence
deciduous
dedicate
decimal
decision
decisive
declassify
delay
delight
deliver
deluge
demand
demean
demise
demolish
denote
denounce
delirious
demonstrate
demonstration
departure
depreciate
depressive
deny
depart
depend
depict
deplete
deplore
deploy
deport
deposit
depress
destiny
determinate
detriment
detrimental
deviate
detract
devalue
deprive
derail
derive
descend
describe
desert
deceit
deserve
design
desire
deputy
designate
deficit
delicious
decimate
depressing
depression
前缀“dis-”
disagree
disappear
disappoint
disapprove
disarm
disarray
disbar
disburse
discern
discard
discharge
disclaim
disclose
disconnect
discount
discourse
discover
discrete
discuss
disgrace
disguise
disgust
disjoin
dislike
dismay
dismiss
dismount
dispatch
dispel
dispense
disperse
displace
display
dispose
dispute
disregard
disrupt
dissect
dissent
dissolve
distil
distinct
distort
distract
distress
distrust
disturb
distance
distant
discreet
discrete
disorder
discriminate
discrimination
distinction
distinguish
distribute
前缀“e-”
educe
effect
effuse
eject
elate
elect
elapse
eleven
elicit
elude
emerge
emit
equip
erase
erect
erode
erupt
escape
estate
evade
event
evict
evoke
evolve
elaborate
elastic
elevate
element
elementary
election
electricity
eliminate
elucidate
elusive
elusion
emancipate
emotion
emotional
evacuate
evaluate
evaporate
evasive
eventual
emergency
emigrate
emigration
eminent
educate
economy
economics
eccentric
economical
edifice
editor
effective
efficient
establish
emergent
eligible
前缀“em-”
embattle
embark
embed
embezzle
embroider
empty
empire
emplace
employ
empower
emperor
empress
embody
emphasize
empirical
emphasis
embrace
embroil
embassy
前缀“en-”
enable
enact
encage
encode
encroach
enclose
endanger
endure
enforce
engage
engrave
engulf
enhance
enjoy
enrich
enroll
ensure
ensue
entail
entire
entice
entreat
entrench
entrust
envision
entangle
encounter
encumbe
endorse
endow
enlist
enquire
endear
entreat
entrench
enlighten
entitle
enlarge
前缀“ex-”
exact
excess
exotic
extinct
extreme
exam
extent
expense
example
exceed
excel
except
exchange
excite
exclaim
exclude
excuse
exempt
exhale
exhaust
exhibit
exist
expand
expect
expel
expend
expire
explode
exploit
explore
export
expose
express
extend
extort
exert
exaggerate
exaggeration
examination
exchangeable
excursion
execute
execution
exertion
expert
experience
explicit
external
exercise
experiment
extract
extrude
explain
前缀“im-”
前缀“in-”
incept
incline
include
increase
incur
indent
induce
induct
indulge
infect
infest
infer
inflict
inflame
inflate
inflect
inform
inhabit
inhale
inherit
inlay
inquire
insane
insert
insist
inspect
inspire
install
instead
instruct
insult
intact
inland
intend
intense
intent
intrigue
intrude
invade
invent
invert
invest
invite
invoke
involve
indeed
inside
in-depth
indicate
innovate
innocent
integrate
intimate
intoxicate
institute
investigate
invigorate
后缀“-er”
anger
cancer
manner
scanner
spanner
banner
canter
packer
lacquer
cracker
thunder
blunder
muster
bluster
cluster
slacker
slander
cander
gangster
transfer
grammer
hanger
acter
facter
tracter
upper
supper
utter
butter
shutter
janiter
chapter
rattler
scamper
barrier
caliber
passenger
calender
bacheler
plunder
under
bunker
hunger
hunter
bett
lett
ledg
tell
sell
sett
cent
ent
gend
tend
slend
sputt
clutt
lust
cind
hind
ging
ling
sinn
winn
inn
spinn
singul
wint
slumb
lumb
numb
plumb
lock
rock
socc
doct
pond
conqu
shopp
hopp
logg
chopp
stutt
gutt
cumb
后缀“-tion”
desolation
punctuation
generation
destination
population
transportation
demonstration
plantation
legislation
investigation
domination
occupation
education
nomination
modernization
filtration
suffocation
federation
fabrication
graduation
ventilation
revolution
dedication
communication
connection
separation
deliberation
immigration
constitution
declaration
immunization
liberation
elevation
estimation
inspection
televition
benediction
obligation
justification
decoration
后缀“-ern,-en,-on ”
lantern
pattern
happen
barren
sadden
madden
melon
felon
beckon
lesson
lemon
reckon
bitten
sicken
loosen
weaken
brighten
whiten
blacken
flatten
slacken
fatten
worsen
cheapen
straighten
sharpen
tighten
lighten
thicken
stiffen
quicken
kitten
widen
后缀“-ish”
vanish
banish
Spanish
British
Jewish
Kurdish
Danish
lavish
ravish
publish
rubbish
sluggish
lumpish
blandish
famish
polish
snobbish
Irish
Scottish
Polish
Swedish
Turkish
punish
foolish
radish
单个辅音结尾的单词
tragic
traffic
panic
Slavic
plastic
frolic
toxic
tonic
conic
republic
rabbit
habit
tacit
profit
vomit
candid
rapid
valid
solid
gossip
civic
ironic
optics
tonsil
topic
logic
comic
nostril
后缀“-y”
pacify
ratify
gasify
satisfy
magnify
classify
testify
edify
fatty
snappy
smoky
snowy
hardy
corny
shaggy
happy
brandy
handy
candy
bandy
cranky
shanty
scanty
sexy
cloudy
roomy
gloomy
sketchy
density
entity
brevity
chemistry
melody
felony
steady
itchy
shifty
worthy
earthy
sturdy
tinny
lofty
foggy
stocky
blotchy
bulky
dusty
stumpy
sunny
dumpy
gastronomy
mortality
normality
husky
musty
stuffy
stubby
muddy
rugby
ugly
grumpy
jumpy
hubby
wary
hegemony
weary
touchy
rainy
tasty
hasty
leafy
sneaky
cheeky
dreamy
seedy
mighty
horny
dirty
murky
后缀“-ate”
regulate
educate
peculate
desolate
decorate
hesitate
dedicate
delicate
delegate
emigrate
destitute
desperate
generate
celebrate
devastate
escalate
bellicose
envelope
gesticulate
legitimate
inveterate
invigorate
intoxicate
habituate
degenerate
debilitate
decimate
exhilarate
elucidate
coordinate
facilitate
expatriate
contaminate
conglomerate
commiserate
capitulate
estimate
legislate
asseverate
articulate
apostatize
fabricate
hallucinate
demonstrate
lemonade
后缀“-ize”
baptize
empire
franchise
tranquilize
maximize
transcribe
Americanize
tantalize
scandalize
satellite
sacrifice
minimize
paralyze
describe
galvanize
memorize
centralize
westernize
enterprise
summarize
prescribe
apologize
moralize
subsidize
fantasize
philosophize
criticize
sometime
symbolize
emphasize
revolutionize
sympathize
characterize
capitalize
humanize
modernize
jeopardize
pressurize
recognize
standardize
后缀“-ic”
atomic
idiotic
ironic
specific
geologic
acrobatic
alcoholic
optimistic
pessimistic
demonic
infrasonic
nationalistic
democratic
intergalactic
geographic
autocratic
diplomatic
authentic
enthusiastic
gymnastic
symbolic
naturalistic
socialistic
periodic
classic
organic
prophetic
graphic
panic
artistic
automatic
systematic
linguistic
magnetic
idealistic
deterministic
individualist
academic
economic
epidemic
harmonic
后缀“-ive”
active
massive
aggressive
attractive
affective
effective
excessive
expensive
objective
extensive
perspective
collective
defensive
detective
decisive
constructive
invective
productive
protective
offensive
intensive
incentive
addictive
destructive
后缀“-ous”
ambiguous
ambitious
conspicuous
contemptuous
continuous
conscious
unconscious
subconscious
religious
hilarious
gregarious
advantageous
tenacious
adventurous
ubiquitous
anonymous
impetuous
mysterious
nutritious
fictitious
courageous
solicitous
autonomous
tremendous
glamorous
simultaneous
spontaneous
superstitious
supercilious
后缀“-ary”
cautionary
discretionary
fragmentary
momentary
monetary
contrary
granary
primary
mercenary
customary
honorary
imaginary
inflationary
precautionary
preliminary
secondary
solitary
subsidiary
temporary
dignitary
voluntary
arbitrary
auxiliary
incendiary
literary
legendary
military
necessary
luminary
missionary
secretary
visionary
vocabulary
dictionary
probationary
proprietary
sanitary
contemporary
extraordinary
ordinary
hereditary
后缀“-less”
airless
flawless
useless
meaningless
speechless
motionless
spotless
careless
helpless
nameless
endless
restless
lifeless
seedless
regardless
listless
stainless
wireless
hairless
relentless
childless
hopeless
powerless
thoughtless
tactless
motherless
spineless
brainless
heartless
harmless
后缀“-ful”
armful
bagful
mouthful
glassful
spoonful
bottleful
handful
pocketful
bucketful
roomful
thankful
teaspoonful
cupful
careful
dutiful
helpful
hopeful
joyful
peaceful
playful
plateful
harmful
painful
shameful
successful
awful
grateful
fruitful
lawful
wrongful
wonderful
boastful
cheerful
powerful
tactful
useful
graceful
boxful
houseful
后缀“-ibility”
accessibility
eligibility
legibility
responsibility
plausibility
visibility
credibility
audibility
feasibility
tangibility
possibility
susceptibility
invincibility
辅音浊化
元音字母组合
sp
Sc,sk,sch
squ
st
str
发音
sb
sg
sgw
sd
sdr
例词
Spider
space
Skill
Scare
school
squabble
square
Star
Start
study
String
straight
发音一样的双写和不双写后缀的听写问题，后缀与前面的不间断音之间有辅音隔开则是非双写后缀，否则是双写的后缀
bble
ble
ddle
dle
ffle
fle
ckle
cle
ggle
gle
cabble
fiddle
candle
确定重音；
1.一个单词含有三个以下（一个、两个或者三个）整体音时，重音在第一个整体音上。如：`ba rot, `tea cher, `pa ket.
2.如果单词含有三个或者三个以上整体音，重音在倒数第三个整体音上。如：`re la tive, `le gi ble,        e `li gi ble, `ne ga tive, `me lo dy, `fe lo ny, `me mo ry, `fo cu s, `be ne fi t.
注意弱读：不在重音上的整体音需要弱读。
美国小孩都学自然拼读法, 中国也在往那个方向走。
了解了自然拼读法的发音规则后, 看到一个新单词就能对它的读音猜个八九不离十, 而且有利于记住拼写.
自然拼读法基本规则:
1.  二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).
l 五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每个发两种音：长音（其字母音）和短音
l y不在单词开头时，一般被看做元音
2.  单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)
如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音, 且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音.
如：　Sam, cat, mat, 等等．
l Beginning Consonants
l Ending Consonants
l One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds
3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):
一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，　一般来说，前边一个元音发长音（其字母音），　后边一个元音不发音．
如：　make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等．
4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)
l Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
l Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)
l Words ending in ll, ss, ff
l Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)
5. 特殊读法(1)– 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)
igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo
以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。
Examples:
l ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)
al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)
l ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight),
ed:
usays /ed/:  patted, landed, lifted
usays /t/: walked, hopped, stopped
usays /d/: cried, played, chewed
l er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)
l ie (field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ire
l oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt,
oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),
ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow；　读音二：bow, low, blow, snow),
ou (shout, out, loud)
ould (could, would), ough (五种不同的读音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),
ought, , ous (famous, nervous),
l ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
l tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, ),
l ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le
6. 特殊读法(2)
l 如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾，　这个元音一般发长音（其字母音） (Vowel at the end)．
如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。
l Y在末尾 (作为元音处理）（y at the end）：
u 单音节词, 没有其他元音，y发”I”(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as “I”)): my, why, fly, sky
u 多音节词, y发”E” 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”)): daddy, mommy, baby，honey, crazy
7. 特殊读法(3) - 固定读音的单词 (Sight Word):
is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field…… 等.
它们不遵守前边的发音规则，需要死记硬背。
8. 特殊读法(4) – 辅音的特殊读法
l 有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)．
u Silent b: comb, lamb
u Silent h: ghost
u Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know…
u Silent w: write, wrist, wreck …
l "c" 和 "k" 在一起时，　发一个音: quick, black等.
l "q" 总是和"u"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等.
之所以指出这一点, 是在这里u不能再被认为是元音, 而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合.  于是, 在quite这个单词里只有两个元音, 是双元音单词, 第一个元音i发字母音, 第二个元音e不发音.
l "p"和 "h"在一起, 发/f/的音: phone, photo.
l 复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)
l c和g 的两种读音:
u 如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发/s/, g发/j/的音: center, cigar, nice, mice, gem, giant, gym, page.
u 其他情况下, c发/k/, g发/g/: can, clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log.
u 特殊情况： get, give
9. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)
l 多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound
l 复合词: homework, highway, sidewalk, inside, outside