适合配乐朗诵的音乐:★☆英语动词不规则变化规律表☆★
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★☆英语动词不规则变化表☆★
时态是中学阶段的重点,也是难点,而与其息息相关的动词(尤其是不规则动词)的过去式、过去分词的变化散乱难记,令人头疼。可仔细琢磨就不难发现它们的变化有一定的规律可循。
★记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:
一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let— let
put—put—put
read—read—read
set—set—set
shut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)
1过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(3个)
bring—brought—brought
buy— bought—bought
think—thought—thought
2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent— lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent— spent
3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4把-eep变为-ept。(3个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept
5把-ell变为-old。(2个)
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt— felt
spill—spilt—spilt
7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
9改变元音字母。(11个)
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find— found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine— shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig— dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
10改变辅音字母。(1个)
make—made—made
11改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have(has)— had—had
understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)
1 i—a—u变化。(6个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing— sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink— sank—sunk
2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride— rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke— woken
5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)
forget—forgot—forgotten
6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
run— ran—run
六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)
can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)
二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
beat/beat/beaten
三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
come/came/come
(come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)
四、 过去式,过去分词相同:
(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/met
(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt
keep/kept/kept
(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t
spell/spelt/spelt
(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾
catch/caught/caught
buy/bought/bought
(5) 将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stood
(6) 将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid
(7) 将d改为t
lend/lent/lent
spend/spent/spent
(8) 将i改为a , o, u等
sit/sat/sat
dig/dug/dug
(9) 将ell改为old
tell/told/told
(10) 词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt
dream/dreamt/dreamt
(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的:
learn/learnt/learnt
shine/shone/shone
hang/hung/hung
smell/smelt/smelt
burn/burnt/burnt
light/lii/lit
(12) 其它
have(has)/had/had
shoot/shot/shot
hold/held/held
find/found/found
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同:
(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown
grow/grew/grown
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed
(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun
ring/rang/rung
swim/swam/swum
(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven
rise/rose/risen
(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词
drive/drove/driven
give/gave/given
(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken
freeze/froze/frozen
steal/stole/stolen
take/took/taken
(6)其它
be/was或were/been
go/went/gone
wear/wore/worn
六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shone/shone照耀
hung/hung悬挂
八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying
find 找到、发现find/found/found
found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
(一)词义相对:
(1) come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去
(2) give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得
(3) sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken (或woke)
或wake/waked/waked 醒来
(4) rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunk
(5) buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖
(6) take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来
(7) teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
(8) lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
(9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
(二)词义相近:
(1) beat/beat/beaten 打, 打败
(2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解
know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识
(3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得
become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得
go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
(4) spend/spent/spent 花费、度过
pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳
cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
take/took/taken花费
(5) say/said/said说、讲
speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论
★记忆法三:
1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。
let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut
(shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst)
2.元音字母的变化。
i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank
i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won,
(strive→strove arise→arose)
i→ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground)
a→oo: take→took, shake→shook
e→o: get→got, forget→forgot
o→a: come→came, become→became
oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose
3.元音字母组合的变化。
aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew
4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。
(1) sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold
(2) say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid
(3) sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept
(4) bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought
(5) catch→caught, teach→taught
(6) can→could, will→would, shall→should
5.辅音字母变化。
(1)build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent
(2)make→made, have→had, hear→heard
(3)mean→meant, learn→learnt